ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2015
A case-control analysis of oral contraceptive use and breast cancer subtypes in the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Consortium.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The unique risk factor profile of triple-negative breast cancer: a comprehensive meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Pooled it
- Association of reproductive risk factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Oral Contraceptive Use and Assessment of Breast Cancer Risk among Premenopausal Women via Molecular Characteristics: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Recent strategies in diagnosis, screening, prevention, and treatment of breast cancer in young women.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Exogenous Hormones, Tumor Intrinsic Subtypes, and Breast Cancer.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Review
- Impact of khat (Catha edulis) and oral contraceptive use on telomerase levels and tumor suppressor genes p53 and p21 in normal subjects and breast cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Cancer Tissue In Vitro after PDT Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Impact of Reproductive Factors on the Risk of Breast Cancer by ER/PR and HER2: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Northern and Eastern China.The oncologist · 2022Article
- Review
- Racial/ethnic differences in postmenopausal breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status: The multiethnic cohort study.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Hormonally Active Contraceptives Part I: Risks Acknowledged and Unacknowledged.The Linacre quarterly · 2021Article
- Identifying Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Among Women Attending Selected Hospitals of Addis Ababa City: Hospital-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of Basal-like and Luminal Breast Cancers among Black Women in the AMBER Consortium.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- Dancing With Health: Quality of Life and Physical Improvements From an EU Collaborative Dance Programme With Women Following Breast Cancer Treatment.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Integrating biology and access to care in addressing breast cancer disparities: 25 years' research experience in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.Current breast cancer reports · 2020Article
- Recent Use of Oral Contraceptives and Risk of Luminal B, Triple-Negative, and HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer.Hormones & cancer · 2019Article
- Association of Combined Estrogen-Progestogen and Progestogen-Only Contraceptives with the Development of Cancer.The Linacre quarterly · 2018Review
- Oral Contraceptive and Breast Cancer Risks: a Case Control Study in Six Referral Hospitals in IndonesiaAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2018Article
- Progestin-only and combined oral contraceptives and receptor-defined premenopausal breast cancer risk: The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study.International journal of cancer · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRecent oral contraceptive (OC) use has been consistently associated with increased risk of breast cancer, but evidence on specific breast cancer subtypes is sparse.
methodsWe investigated recency and duration of OC use in relation to molecular subtypes of breast cancer in a pooled analysis of data from the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Consortium. The study included 1,848 women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, 1,043 with ER-negative (ER-) breast cancer (including 494 triple negative (TN) tumors, which do not have receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2), and 10,044 controls. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for exposure categories relative to never use, controlling for potential confounding variables.
resultsOC use within the previous 5 years was associated with increased risk of ER+ (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.81), ER- (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.43), and TN (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.53) breast cancer. The risk declined after cessation of use but was apparent for ER+ cancer for 15 to 19 years after cessation and for ER- breast cancer for an even longer interval after cessation. Long duration of use was also associated with increased risk of each subtype, particularly ER-.
conclusionsOur results suggest that OC use, particularly recent use of long duration, is associated with an increased risk of ER+, ER-, and TN breast cancer in African American women. Research into mechanisms that explain these findings, especially the association with ER- breast cancer, is needed.
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