Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25848986›Full record

ArticlePLoS biology2015

Convergence and extrusion are required for normal fusion of the mammalian secondary palate.

Seungil Kim, Ace E Lewis, Vivek Singh, Xuefei Ma, Robert Adelstein, Jeffrey O Bush

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The role of Rho GTPases in facial morphogenesis.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2026
    Review
  2. Identification of novel genes regulating the development of the palate.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Cell extrusion drives neural crest cell delamination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
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  17. Canonical Wnt signaling is not required forFrontiers in physiology · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Seungil KimDepartment of Cell and Tissue Biology, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Ace E LewisDepartment of Cell and Tissue Biology, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Vivek SinghDepartment of Cell and Tissue Biology, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Xuefei MaLaboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Robert AdelsteinLaboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Jeffrey O BushDepartment of Cell and Tissue Biology, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
University of California, San Francisco · USNational Heart Lung and Blood Institute · US

Funding

The Role of Nonmuscle Myosin II in CytokinesisZIAHL004228 · NHLBI · NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE · PI ADELSTEIN, ROBERT · 2009 to 2019
$5.0M
Mechanisms of Eph/Ephrin signaling in craniofacial morphogenesis and craniofrontonasal syndromeR01DE023337 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BUSH, JEFFREY OHMANN · 2013 to 2021
$4.3M
Eph/ephrin signaling in craniofacial development and diseaseR00DE020855 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BUSH, JEFFREY OHMANN · 2011 to 2013
$726k
Spinning disk confocal / FRAP microscope for quantitative live cell imagingS10RR026758 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI WITTMANN, TORSTEN · 2010 to 2010
$500k
Nonmuscle myosins in craniofacial morphogenesis and orofacial cleftingR03DE022818 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BUSH, JEFFREY OHMANN · 2012 to 2013
$231k
NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR026758NIDCR NIH HHS R00 DE020855NIDCR NIH HHS R00DE020855NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE023337NIDCR NIH HHS R01DE023337NIDCR NIH HHS R03 DE022818NIDCR NIH HHS R03DE22818
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The fusion of two distinct prominences into one continuous structure is common during development and typically requires integration of two epithelia and subsequent removal of that intervening epithelium. Using confocal live imaging, we directly observed the cellular processes underlying tissue fusion, using the secondary palatal shelves as a model. We find that convergence of a multi-layered epithelium into a single-layer epithelium is an essential early step, driven by cell intercalation, and is concurrent to orthogonal cell displacement and epithelial cell extrusion. Functional studies in mice indicate that this process requires an actomyosin contractility pathway involving Rho kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), culminating in the activation of non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA). Together, these data indicate that actomyosin contractility drives cell intercalation and cell extrusion during palate fusion and suggest a general mechanism for tissue fusion in development.

Indexed as

AnimalsMiceMorphogenesisMyosinsPalateMyosins

Identifiers

PMID25848986
PMCPMC4388528
OpenAlexW2001593340

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC0
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.