ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2015
Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Inflammatory Infiltrate in Rosacea Reveals Activation of Th1/Th17 Pathways.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 119 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open Label Phase 1b Study of Secukinumab in Patients With Moderate to Severe Papulopustular Rosacea
Efficacy and Safety of Topical Clascoterone Cream 1% in Patients With Facial Acneiform Rosacea
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 274 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral JAK Inhibitors as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Refractory Rosacea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Pooled it
- Associations between COVID-19 and skin conditions identified through epidemiology and genomic studies.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Association of rosacea with inflammatory bowel disease: A MOOSE-compliant meta-analysis.Medicine · 2019Pooled it
- A Prospective Randomized Controlled Pilot Study to Assess the Response and Tolerability of Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Rosacea.Skin pharmacology and physiology · 2023Trial
- Prevalence of rosacea in the general population of Germany and Russia - The RISE study.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2016Trial
- From Genetic Variants to Immune Dysregulation: Multi-Omics Mendelian Randomization Decodes Molecular Networks in Rosacea.Annals of dermatology · 2026Article
- Gut-Skin Axis Revisited: A Nationwide Cohort Study on the Bi-directional Relationship Between Rosacea and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Annals of dermatology · 2026Article
- A pilot study investigating the bacterial and fungal community shifts in facial skin in rosacea.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Observational
- Cross-species transcriptomics identify mineralocorticoid receptor pathway overactivation as a central driver of ocular rosacea.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Keratinocytes: pleiotropic orchestrators of cutaneous immunity and Inflammation - Emerging therapeutic paradigms in dermatological pathologies.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Formulation and Biological Evaluation ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Novel Rat Model for Human Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Ocular Rosacea.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors in Rosacea: Potential Benefit in Selected Clinical Settings and Risk of Rosaceiform Dermatitis.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Review
- The association between atopic dermatitis and rosacea: a comprehensive review from comorbidities to pathogenic mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Distinct diversity of skin cell populations of rhinophyma and hypertrophic scar illustrated by scRNA-seq.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Vicenin-2 attenuates rosacea-like inflammation by inhibiting IL-17RA signaling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Targeting Macrophage-to-Myofibroblast Transition Mitigates Progression from Inflammation to Fibrosis in Rosacea.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cutaneous fibrosis disease: from mechanisms to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- LL-37-MRGPRX2-Mast Cell Signaling in Rosacea: Current Evidence and Directions for Human Studies.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Review
- Virtual screening identifies specnuezhenide as a potential therapeutic agent for rosacea via KLK5/TLR4/NF-κB pathway inhibition and metabolic modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Our knowledge about an involvement of the adaptive immune system is very limited. We performed detailed transcriptome analysis, quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase-PCR, and quantitative immunohistochemistry on facial biopsies of rosacea patients, classified according to their clinical subtype. As controls, we used samples from patients with facial lupus erythematosus and healthy controls. Our study shows significant activation of the immune system in all subtypes of rosacea, characterizing erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) already as a disease with significant influx of proinflammatory cells. The T-cell response is dominated by Th1/Th17-polarized immune cells, as demonstrated by significant upregulation of IFN-γ or IL-17, for example. Chemokine expression patterns support a Th1/Th17 polarization profile of the T-cell response. Macrophages and mast cells are increased in all three subtypes of rosacea, whereas neutrophils reach a maximum in papulopustular rosacea. Our studies also provide evidence for the activation of plasma cells with significant antibody production already in ETR, followed by a crescendo pattern toward phymatous rosacea. In sum, Th1/Th17 polarized inflammation and macrophage infiltration are an underestimated hallmark in all subtypes of rosacea. Therapies directly targeting the Th1/Th17 pathway are promising candidates in the future treatment of this skin disease.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.