ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2015
Injection Drug Use and Hepatitis C as Risk Factors for Mortality in HIV-Infected Individuals: The Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of genetic and clinical factors associated with buprenorphine response.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2018Pooled it
- DNA methylation signatures of illicit drug injection and hepatitis C are associated with HIV frailty.Nature communications · 2017Pooled it
- Increased Survival Among HIV-Infected PWID Receiving a Multi-Level HIV Risk and Stigma Reduction Intervention: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Rapid initiation of antiretrovirals at a syringe services program for people with HIV who inject drugs.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Co-occurrence of injection drug use and hepatitis C increases epigenetic age acceleration that contributes to all-cause mortality among people living with HIV.Epigenetics · 2023Article
- Contribution of alcohol use in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection to all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A collaboration of cohort studies.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2023Article
- Sex stratification of the trends and risk of mortality among individuals living with HIV under different transmission categories.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Oryol Oblast, Russia.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Substance use and HIV stage at entry into care among people with HIV.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- Liver Fibrosis during Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-Infected Individuals. Truth or Tale?Cells · 2021Review
- Population estimation and harm reduction among people who inject drugs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Harm reduction journal · 2020Article
- Sex differences in HIV treatment outcomes and adherence by exposure groups among adults in Guangdong, China: A retrospective observational cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2020Article
- Hepatitis C Coinfection and Mortality in People Living with HIV in Middle Tennessee.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2020Observational
- Article
- Homelessness at diagnosis is associated with death among people with HIV in a population-based study of a US city.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Survival of HIV/HCV co-infected patients before introduction of HCV direct acting antivirals (DAA).Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Survival Time and Prognostic Factors of Mortality among Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in North-East Peninsular Malaysia.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2019Article
- The Effects of Hepatitis C Infection and Treatment on All-cause Mortality Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Depressive Symptoms at HIV Testing and Two-Year All-Cause Mortality Among Men Who Inject Drugs in Vietnam.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 13 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV-infected individuals with a history of transmission through injection drug use (IDU) have poorer survival than other risk groups. The extent to which higher rates of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in IDU explain survival differences is unclear.
methodsAdults who started antiretroviral therapy between 2000 and 2009 in 16 European and North American cohorts with >70% complete data on HCV status were followed for 3 years. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted (for age, sex, baseline CD4 count and HIV-1 RNA, AIDS diagnosis before antiretroviral therapy, and stratified by cohort) mortality hazard ratios for IDU (versus non-IDU) and for HCV-infected (versus HCV uninfected).
resultsOf 32,703 patients, 3374 (10%) were IDU; 4630 (14%) were HCV+; 1116 (3.4%) died. Mortality was higher in IDU compared with non-IDU [adjusted HR 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.32 to 3.16] and in HCV+ compared with HCV- (adjusted HR 2.65; 95% CI: 2.31 to 3.04). The effect of IDU was substantially attenuated (adjusted HR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.94) after adjustment for HCV, while attenuation of the effect of HCV was less substantial (adjusted HR 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68 to 2.47) after adjustment for IDU. Both IDU and HCV were strongly associated with liver-related mortality (adjusted HR 10.89; 95% CI: 6.47 to 18.3 for IDU and adjusted HR 14.0; 95% CI: 8.05 to 24.5 for HCV) with greater attenuation of the effect of IDU (adjusted HR 2.43; 95% CI: 1.24 to 4.78) than for HCV (adjusted HR 7.97; 95% CI: 3.83 to 16.6). Rates of CNS, respiratory and violent deaths remained elevated in IDU after adjustment for HCV.
conclusionsA substantial proportion of the excess mortality in HIV-infected IDU is explained by HCV coinfection. These findings underscore the potential impact on mortality of new treatments for HCV in HIV-infected people.
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