ArticleInfection and immunity2015
Air pollution particulate matter alters antimycobacterial respiratory epithelium innate immunity.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of prenatal and postnatal household air pollution exposure on respiratory morbidity and lung function in sub-Saharan African children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Air Pollution on Lung Innate Lymphoid Cells: Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Logistic regression analysis of environmental and other variables and incidences of tuberculosis in respiratory patients.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling for Postmortem Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis in Zambian Adults.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of air pollution on exacerbations of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases for the intensivist: a narrative review.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Review
- Personal PM2.5 exposure and lung function among adults with and without HIV who have recovered from pneumonia in Kampala, Uganda.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
- Combined effects of air pollution and meteorological factors on the risk of newly tuberculosis cases: a time-series study in Tibet, China.International journal of biometeorology · 2025Article
- A systematic review of the pivotal role of environmental toxicant exposure on infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Machine learning identifies environmental drivers of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xinjiang a typical arid region of China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence and exposure to fine particulate matter and residential greenness: A population-based retrospective study.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Racial/ethnic disparities in tuberculosis incidence linked to PMBMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Spatial autocorrelation with environmental factors related to tuberculosis prevalence in Nepal, 2020-2023.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- Exposure to Urban Air Pollution Particulate Matter Modifies Th1/Th2American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Study on the impact of common air pollution indicators on tuberculosis incidence in high-TB-burden countries worldwide.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association between biomass cooking fuels and prevalence of tuberculosis among households: a cross-sectional study from 2019 - 2021 in India.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Household air pollution exposure and risk of tuberculosis: a case-control study of women in Lilongwe, Malawi.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- The effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on the incidence of tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS in subtropical Guangxi, China.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Air Pollution Drives Macrophage Senescence through a Phagolysosome-15-Lipoxygenase Pathway.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Tuberculosis Distribution in Romania and Particulate Matter Pollution Associated With Risk of Infection.GeoHealth · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to indoor air pollutants and cigarette smoke increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Whether exposure to ambient air pollution particulate matter (PM) alters protective human host immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been little studied. Here, we examined the effect of PM from Iztapalapa, a municipality of Mexico City, with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) on innate antimycobacterial immune responses in human alveolar type II epithelial cells of the A549 cell line. Exposure to PM2.5 or PM10 deregulated the ability of the A549 cells to express the antimicrobial peptides human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and HBD-3 upon infection with M. tuberculosis and increased intracellular M. tuberculosis growth (as measured by CFU count). The observed modulation of antibacterial responsiveness by PM exposure was associated with the induction of senescence in PM-exposed A549 cells and was unrelated to PM-mediated loss of cell viability. Thus, the induction of senescence and downregulation of HBD-2 and HBD-3 expression in respiratory PM-exposed epithelial cells leading to enhanced M. tuberculosis growth represent mechanisms by which exposure to air pollution PM may increase the risk of M. tuberculosis infection and the development of TB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.