ArticleInfection and immunity2015
Inactivation of the antifungal and immunomodulatory properties of human cathelicidin LL-37 by aspartic proteases produced by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Nal-P-113 on Inhibiting Periodontal Pathogens and Improving Periodontal Status.BioMed research international · 2018Trial
- Candida in the lung: Fact, fiction, friend or foe?PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Vitamin D-AMP axis in host defense against fungal infections.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Interconnected worlds: a comprehensive review of fungal defenses, antimicrobial resistance, and their evolutionary dynamics.IMA fungus · 2026Review
- Functional roles of purified yapsins from Candida glabrata (Nakaseomyces glabratus) in immune modulation and cross-species biofilm formation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Candida albicans aspartyl protease (Sap6) inhibits neutrophil function via a "Trojan horse" mechanism.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mucosal immune response modulated by secreted and membrane-bound hydrolases ofFrontiers in fungal biology · 2025Review
- Secreted Aspartic Proteinases: Key Factors inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cathelicidin boosts the antifungal activity of neutrophils and improves prognosis duringInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Efficacy of Ceragenins in Controlling the Growth of Oral Microorganisms: Implications for Oral Hygiene Management.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Complexation of fungal extracellular nucleic acids by host LL-37 peptide shapes neutrophil response toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Exploring the effects of culture conditions on Yapsin (Open life sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Peptide Stability Is Important but Not a General Requirement for Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity In Vitro and In Vivo.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides with Anti-International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Secretory Proteases of the Human Skin Microbiome.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in fungal infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Fungi-A Component of the Oral Microbiome Involved in Periodontal Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Proteinous Components of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Arrested by the Cell Wall Proteins ofCells · 2021Article
- Fungal immunity and pathogenesis in mammals versus the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella.Pathogens and disease · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Constant cross talk between Candida albicans yeast cells and their human host determines the outcome of fungal colonization and, eventually, the progress of infectious disease (candidiasis). An effective weapon used by C. albicans to cope with the host defense system is the release of 10 distinct secreted aspartic proteases (SAPs). Here, we validate a hypothesis that neutrophils and epithelial cells use the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 to inactivate C. albicans at sites of candidal infection and that C. albicans uses SAPs to effectively degrade LL-37. LL-37 is cleaved into multiple products by SAP1 to -4, SAP8, and SAP9, and this proteolytic processing is correlated with the gradual decrease in the antifungal activity of LL-37. Moreover, a major intermediate of LL-37 cleavage-the LL-25 peptide-is antifungal but devoid of the immunomodulatory properties of LL-37. In contrast to LL-37, LL-25 did not affect the generation of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils upon treatment with phorbol esters. Stimulating neutrophils with LL-25 (rather than LL-37) significantly decreased calcium flux and interleukin-8 production, resulting in lower chemotactic activity of the peptide against neutrophils, which may decrease the recruitment of neutrophils to infection foci. LL-25 also lost the function of LL-37 as an inhibitor of neutrophil apoptosis, thereby reducing the life span of these defense cells. This study indicates that C. albicans can effectively use aspartic proteases to destroy the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of LL-37, thus enabling the pathogen to survive and propagate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.