ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
Smoking Status Confirmation by Proxy: Validation in a Smoking Cessation Trial.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Scoping Review and Meta-analysis of the Use of Remote Biochemical Verification Methods of Smoking Status in Tobacco Research.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- Telephone counselling for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Smoking Behaviors Among Tobacco-Using Parents of Hospitalized Children and Association With Child Cotinine Level.Hospital pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Warm Handoff Versus Fax Referral for Linking Hospitalized Smokers to Quitlines.American journal of preventive medicine · 2016Trial
- Decision-tree analysis of characteristics associated with 6-month smoking abstinence in Taiwan.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Biochemical verification of tobacco use in ICU patients using point-of-care urinary cotinine.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Accuracy of Smoking Status Reporting: Proxy Information in a Rapidly Fatal Cancer Setting.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2020Article
- Tobacco Use and Subsequent Cessation Among Hospitalized Patients in Mumbai, India: A Longitudinal Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Observational
- Targeting Nonsmokers to Help Smokers Quit: Features of a Large-scale Intervention.Tobacco use insights · 2020Article
- Health System Implementation of a Tobacco Quitline eReferral.Applied clinical informatics · 2019Article
- A text message delivered smoking cessation intervention: Design and rationale of the Text My Quit Study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBiochemical confirmation (BC) of self-report is the gold standard of evidence for abstinence in smoking cessation research, but difficulty in obtaining samples may bias estimates of quit rates. Proxy confirmation (PC) has not been validated in cessation trials. We assessed the feasibility and validity of PC in a cessation trial for hospitalized smokers.
methodsWe enrolled 402 daily cigarette smokers during a hospital admission. At enrollment, participants provided demographics, smoking history, and named proxies to confirm their smoking status at follow-up. Participants provided self-reported (SR) 7-day tobacco abstinence by telephone at 6 months post-discharge. SR quitters were asked to mail a saliva sample for BC. Incentives were offered for survey completion ($20) and returned samples ($50). We called proxies for all those with SR to obtain PC. Quit rates were calculated with missing data indicating smoking. We assessed associations of nonresponse with baseline characteristics using chi-squared tests and logistic regression. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of PC in detecting smokers as determined by BC.
resultsAll patients named at least one proxy. Response rates were 82% for SR, 84% for PC, and 69% for BC. Observed participant characteristics were unrelated to provision of sample for BC. Estimated quit rates were 35% for SR, 27% for SR + PC, 21% for SR + BC and 27% for SR + BC or PC. Sensitivity of PC was not higher than SR (73% vs. 77%); specificity was lower (84% vs. 100%).
conclusionPC was feasible but not superior to self-report in a cessation trial.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.