ReviewChest2015
The pathophysiology of insomnia.
Review in Chest, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, combined acupuncture-herbal therapy, and western medication for adult chronic insomnia: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Walking and subjective sleep quality in adults: a Bayesian three-level meta-analysis with probabilistic clinical relevance assessment and dose-response modeling.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of probiotics on sleep quality and mood states in patients with insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Global trends and hotspots in exercise therapy for insomnia research: bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of insomnia in patients with cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis with GRADE analysis.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on older adults with sleep disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of insomnia prioritizes genes associated with metabolic and psychiatric pathways.Nature genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of electrical vestibular stimulation (VeNS) on adults with insomnia: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2025Trial
- The benefit of inhibitory control training for insomnia with short sleep duration phenotype: a pilot randomized trial.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- The altered hypothalamic network functional connectivity in chronic insomnia disorder and regulation effect of acupuncture: a randomized controlled neuroimaging study.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Trial
- Exercise intervention in middle-aged and elderly individuals with insomnia improves sleep and restores connectivity in the motor network.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Daridorexant in Patients with Insomnia Disorder.CNS drugs · 2023Trial
- Impact of transdermal trigeminal electrical neuromodulation on subjective and objective sleep parameters in patients with insomnia: a pilot study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Trial
- Gender-related difference in altered fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations after electroacupuncture on primary insomnia patients: A resting-state fMRI study.Brain and behavior · 2021Trial
- High-resolution, relational, resonance-based, electroencephalic mirroring (HIRREM) improves symptoms and autonomic function for insomnia: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Brain and behavior · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Secondary outcomes of a behavioral sleep intervention: A randomized clinical trial.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2019Trial
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Insomnia disorder is characterized by chronic dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality that is associated with difficulty falling asleep, frequent nighttime awakenings with difficulty returning to sleep, and/or awakening earlier in the morning than desired. Although progress has been made in our understanding of the nature, etiology, and pathophysiology of insomnia, there is still no universally accepted model. Greater understanding of the pathophysiology of insomnia may provide important information regarding how, and under what conditions, the disorder develops and is maintained as well as potential targets for prevention and treatment. The aims of this report are (1) to summarize current knowledge on the pathophysiology of insomnia and (2) to present a model of the pathophysiology of insomnia that considers evidence from various domains of research. Working within several models of insomnia, evidence for the pathophysiology of the disorder is presented across levels of analysis, from genetic to molecular and cellular mechanisms, neural circuitry, physiologic mechanisms, sleep behavior, and self-report. We discuss the role of hyperarousal as an overarching theme that guides our conceptualization of insomnia. Finally, we propose a model of the pathophysiology of insomnia that integrates the various types of evidence presented.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.