ArticleSleep2015
The Multidimensional Aspects of Sleep Spindles and Their Relationship to Word-Pair Memory Consolidation.
Article in Sleep, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhancing sleep slow waves with auditory stimulation in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized proof-of-concept trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Sleep and cardiac autonomic modulation in older adults: Insights from an at-home study with auditory deep sleep stimulation.Journal of sleep research · 2025Trial
- Modulating neural oscillations by transcranial static magnetic field stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A crossover, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot study.The European journal of neuroscience · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Sleep-Related Respiratory Disruption is Associated with Altered Spindle Morphology and Poorer Attention in Children.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brain Health from Sleep EEG: A Multicohort, Deep Learning Biomarker for Cognition, Disease, and Mortality.NEJM AI · 2026Article
- Speech-sound memory consolidation over a daytime nap in adults with and without developmental language disorder.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Electrical Synapses Contribute to Sleep-Dependent Declarative Memory Retention.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sleep Spindle Abnormalities in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disability: Insights From Nap Polysomnography.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Pupil size reveals arousal level fluctuations in human sleep.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Attention and executive function impairments in obstructive sleep apnea are associated with decreased sleep spindles.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Acoustically evoked K-complexes together with sleep spindles boost verbal declarative memory consolidation in healthy adults.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sleep spindle density and temporal clustering are associated with sleep-dependent memory consolidation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Semi-Automatic Analysis of Specific Electroencephalographic Patterns during NREM2 Sleep in a Pediatric Population after SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Neural reactivation during human sleep.Emerging topics in life sciences · 2023Review
- Memory ability and retention performance relate differentially to sleep depth and spindle type.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- Sleep spindles across youth affected by schizophrenia or anti-Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Effects of auditory sleep modulation approaches on brain oscillatory and cardiovascular dynamics.Sleep · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesSeveral studies proposed a link between sleep spindles and sleep dependent memory consolidation in declarative learning tasks. In addition to these state-like aspects of sleep spindles, they have also trait-like characteristics, i.e., were related to general cognitive performance, an important distinction that has often been neglected in correlative studies. Furthermore, from the multitude of different sleep spindle measures, often just one specific aspect was analyzed. Thus, we aimed at taking multidimensional aspects of sleep spindles into account when exploring their relationship to word-pair memory consolidation.
designEach subject underwent 2 study nights with all-night high-density electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Sleep spindles were automatically detected in all EEG channels. Subjects were trained and tested on a word-pair learning task in the evening, and retested in the morning to assess sleep related memory consolidation (overnight retention). Trait-like aspects refer to the mean of both nights and state-like aspects were calculated as the difference between night 1 and night 2.
settingSleep laboratory.
participantsTwenty healthy male subjects (age: 23.3 ± 2.1 y). MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsOvernight retention was negatively correlated with trait-like aspects of fast sleep spindle density and positively with slow spindle density on a global level. In contrast, state-like aspects were observed for integrated slow spindle activity, which was positively related to the differences in overnight retention in specific regions.
conclusionOur results demonstrate the importance of a multidimensional approach when investigating the relationship between sleep spindles and memory consolidation and thereby provide a more complete picture explaining divergent findings in the literature.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.