ReviewClimacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society2015
Long-term health consequences of premature or early menopause and considerations for management.
Review in Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 490 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age at Iatrogenic Menopause and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Environmental Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorylalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Reproductive Outcomes in the General Population: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Autoimmune Oophoritis Therapies.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Pooled it
- Increased Risk of Fractures and Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association between age at menopause and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2019Pooled it
- Hormone replacement therapy for women previously treated for endometrial cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Estrogen-based hormone therapy in women with primary ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review.Endocrine · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of opportunistic salpingectomy at hysterectomy on anti-Müllerian hormone: A substudy of a randomized trial.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Trial
- Effect of home-based exercise with or without a Mediterranean-style diet on adiposity markers in postmenopausal women: A randomized-control trial.Physiological reports · 2025Trial
- Moderate-risk variants in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: seven-year experience from a specialized center.Familial cancer · 2026Article
- Out of synchrony with the imagined self: A scoping review of self-concept in premature ovarian insufficiency and early menopause.British journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy after ovarian cancer: A 10-year survival analysis in premenopausal women.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Trends in estrogen replacement therapy use among younger gynecologic cancer survivors, 2013-2021.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of premature or early menopause: a pooled analysis of 716 648 women from 44 low- and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Novel anti-Mullerian hormone receptor 2 binding peptide prevents chemotherapy-related ovarian follicle loss in a mouse model.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- The role of anti-Müllerian hormone as a therapeutic agent to preserve the ovarian follicle pool during chemotherapy.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Review
- Social isolation and loneliness associate with early menopause and mortality in women: a UK Biobank cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Health in Women-Across the Lifespan.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Review
- Association of sleep duration and quality with age at natural menopause: results from NHANES 2005-2018.BMC women's health · 2026Observational
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo review the current evidence concerning the long-term harmful effects of premature or early menopause, and to discuss some of the clinical implications. MATERIAL AND
methodsNarrative review of the literature.
resultsWomen undergoing premature or early menopause, either following bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or because of primary ovarian insufficiency, experience the early loss of estrogen and other ovarian hormones. The long-term consequences of premature or early menopause include adverse effects on cognition, mood, cardiovascular, bone, and sexual health, as well as an increased risk of early mortality. The use of hormone therapy has been shown to lessen some, although not all of these risks. Therefore, multiple medical societies recommend providing hormone therapy at least until the natural age of menopause. It is important to individualize hormone therapy for women with early estrogen deficiency, and higher dosages may be needed to approximate physiological concentrations found in premenopausal women. It is also important to address the psychological impact of early menopause and to review the options for fertility and the potential need for contraception, if the ovaries are intact.
conclusionsWomen who undergo premature or early menopause should receive individualized hormone therapy and counseling.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.