ArticleCurrent treatment options in neurology2015
The gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Current treatment options in neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03183869 (Fecal Microbial Transplantation in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fecal Microbial Transplantation in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Pooled it
- Phase II study of ketogenic diets in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety, tolerability and potential clinical benefits.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Immunotherapy-Mediated Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: The Effects of High-Efficacy (Cladribine) and Moderate-Efficacy (Interferon Beta-1a) Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Potential mechanisms linking bacterial factors to the development and progression of multiple sclerosis.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Modulation and Pitfalls by Oral Antibiotic Treatment.Cells · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy-mediated modulation of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and associations with diet and clinical response-the effect of dimethyl fumarate therapy.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- From Animal Models to Clinical Trials: The Potential of Antimicrobials in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- How Toll-like receptors influence Parkinson's disease in the microbiome-gut-brain axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Interactions between Dietary Micronutrients, Composition of the Microbiome and Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Cancer Patients.Cancers · 2022Review
- Probiotic supplementation and systemic inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Guts Imbalance Imbalances the Brain: A Review of Gut Microbiota Association With Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Gut microbiome is associated with multiple sclerosis activity in children.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2021Article
- Review
- Gut Microbiota-Medication Interaction in Rheumatic Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Gut Microbiome and Metabolites in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Link, Mechanisms and Intervention.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- How oral probiotics affect the severity of an experimental model of progressive multiple sclerosis? Bringing commensal bacteria into the neurodegenerative process.Gut microbes · 2020Article
- Review
- Seasonal changes of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D correlate with the lower gut microbiome composition in inflammatory bowel disease patients.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- An Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Perspectivefor Addressing Challenges of the Human Gut Microbiome.Metabolites · 2020Review
- The sex-specific interaction of the microbiome in neurodegenerative diseases.Brain research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
opinion statementThe gut microbiome is made up of a wide range of (chiefly) bacterial species that colonize the small and large intestine. The human gut microbiome contains a subset of thousands of bacterial species, with up to 10(14) total bacteria. Studies examining this bacterial content have shown wide variations in which species are present between individuals. The gut microbiome has been shown to have profound effects on the development and maintenance of immune system in both animal models and in humans. A growing body of evidence has implicated the human gut microbiome in a range of disorders, including obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cardiovascular disease. Animal studies present compelling evidence that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the progression of demyelinating disease, and that modulation of the microbiome can lead to either exacerbation or amelioration of symptoms. Differences in diet, vitamin D insufficiency, smoking, and alcohol use have all been implicated as risk factors in MS, and all have the ability to affect the composition of the gut microbiota. Preliminary clinical trials aimed at modulating the gut microbiota in MS patients are underway and may prove to be a promising and lower-risk treatment option in the future.
Identifiers
25843302What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.