ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2015
Universal gestational age effects on cognitive and basic mathematic processing: 2 cohorts in 2 countries.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cognitive and academic outcomes of large-for-gestational-age babies born at early term: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Gestational age at birth and outcome in monochorionic twins with different types of selective fetal growth restriction: A systematic literature review.Prenatal diagnosis · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Very Preterm Birth or Very Low Birth Weight With Intelligence in Adulthood: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Academic performance of children born preterm: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2018Pooled it
- General cognitive but not mathematic abilities predict very preterm and healthy term born adults' wealth.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Effect of MRI on preterm infants and their families: a randomised trial with nested diagnostic and economic evaluation.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2018Trial
- Health and Socioeconomic Factors in School Readiness and Achievement Among Children Born Very Preterm.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Associations of fetal and infant growth patterns with behavior and cognitive outcomes in early adolescence.JCPP advances · 2025Article
- Cooperative Breeding as a Likely Early Catalyst of Human Evolution.Evolutionary anthropology · 2025Review
- Epigenetic biomarker for preeclampsia-associated preterm birth and potential preventative medicine.Environmental epigenetics · 2024Article
- Association of Birth Weight Centiles and Gestational Age With Cognitive Performance at Age 5 Years.JAMA network open · 2023Observational
- Article
- The Impact of Formal School Entry on Children's Social Relationships with Parents, Siblings, and Friends.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Changes in emotional problems, hyperactivity and conduct problems in moderate to late preterm children and adolescents born between 1958 and 2002 in the United Kingdom.JCPP advances · 2021Article
- Twin to twin transfusion syndrome.Translational pediatrics · 2021Review
- Stockholm preterm interaction-based intervention (SPIBI) - study protocol for an RCT of a 12-month parallel-group post-discharge program for extremely preterm infants and their parents.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Effects of Gestational Age and Early Parenting on Children's Social Inhibition at 6 Years.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- A More Comprehensive Approach to the Neuroprotective Potential of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Preterm Infants Is Needed-Should We Consider Maternal Diet and the n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Review
- Cognitive trajectories from infancy to early adulthood following birth before 26 weeks of gestation: a prospective, population-based cohort study.Archives of disease in childhood · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether general cognitive ability, basic mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment are universally affected by gestation at birth, as well as whether mathematic attainment is more strongly associated with cohort-specific factors such as schooling than basic cognitive and mathematical abilities. STUDY
designThe Bavarian Longitudinal Study (BLS, 1289 children, 27-41 weeks gestational age [GA]) was used to estimate effects of GA on IQ, basic mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment. These estimations were used to predict IQ, mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment in the EPICure Study (171 children <26 weeks GA).
resultsFor children born <34 weeks GA, each lower week decreased IQ and mathematic attainment scores by 2.34 (95% CI: -2.99, -1.70) and 2.76 (95% CI: -3.40, -2.11) points, respectively. There were no differences among children born 34-41 weeks GA. Similarly, for children born <36 weeks GA, mathematic processing scores decreased by 1.77 (95% CI: -2.20, -1.34) points with each lower GA week. The prediction function generated using BLS data accurately predicted the effect of GA on IQ and mathematic processing among EPICure children. However, these children had better attainment than predicted by BLS.
conclusionsPrematurity has adverse effects on basic mathematic processing following birth at all gestations <36 weeks and on IQ and mathematic attainment <34 weeks GA. The ability to predict IQ and mathematic processing scores from one cohort to another among children cared for in different eras and countries suggests that universal neurodevelopmental factors may explain the effects of gestation at birth. In contrast, mathematic attainment may be improved by schooling.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.