ArticleTissue barriers2015
M cell-derived vesicles suggest a unique pathway for trans-epithelial antigen delivery.
Article in Tissue barriers, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic peptides and proteins: Status and developments in drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- Evidence for murine cutaneous immune surveillance localized to hair follicle epithelium.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Pyruvate-GPR31 axis induces LysoDC dendrite protrusion to M-cell pockets for effective immune responses.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Immune-microbiota dysregulation in maintenance hemodialysis: a 16S rRNA sequencing-based analysis of gut flora and T cell profiles.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Antigen Uptake in the Gut: An Underappreciated Piece to the Puzzle?Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
- Biomarker expression level changes within rectal gut-associated lymphoid tissues in spinal cord-injured rats.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Discrimination of distinct chicken M cell subsets based on CSF1R expression.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- HumanTissue barriers · 2024Review
- Quercetin Improves Barrier Properties in Porcine Small Intestine but Not in Peyer's Patches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Harnessing the potential of the NALT and BALT as targets for immunomodulation using engineering strategies to enhance mucosal uptake.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Deciphering the M-cell niche: insights from mouse models on how microfold cells "know" where they are needed.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Thymic mimetic cells function beyond self-tolerance.Nature · 2023Article
- Oral Administration as a Potential Alternative for the Delivery of Small Extracellular Vesicles.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The intestinal microenvironment shapes macrophage and dendritic cell identity and function.Immunology letters · 2023Review
- Commensal gut microbiota-based strategies for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2022Review
- Dendritic cell functions in the inductive and effector sites of intestinal immunity.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Barrier Perturbation in Porcine Peyer's Patches by Tumor Necrosis Factor is Associated With a Dysregulation of Claudins.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Intestinal Uptake and Tolerance to Food Antigens.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease.Journal of immunology research · 2021Review
- Aging-Related Impairments to M Cells in Peyer's Patches Coincide With Disturbances to Paneth Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
M cells are a subset of mucosal epithelial cells with specialized capability to transport antigens across the mucosal barrier, but there is limited information on antigen transfer in the subepithelial zone due to the challenges in tracking microparticles and antigens that are transcytosed by this unique cell. Using transgenic reporter mice expressing dsRed in the cytoplasm of M cells and EGFP in myeloid cells, we observed that the M cell basolateral pocket hosts a close interaction between B lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Interestingly, we identified a population of previously undescribed M cell-derived vesicles (MCM) that are constitutively shed into the subepithelial space and readily taken up by CX3CR1(+)CD11b(+) CD11c(+) dendritic cells. These MCM are characterized by their cytoplasmic dsRed confirming their origin from the M cell cytoplasm. MCM showed preferential colocalization in dendritic cells with transcytosed bacteria but not transcytosed polystyrene beads, indicating a selective sorting of cargo fate in the subepithelial zone. The size and number of MCM were found to be upregulated by bacterial transcytosis and soluble toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist, further pointing to dynamic regulation of this mechanism. These results suggest that MCM provide a unique function by delivering to dendritic cells, various materials such as M cell-derived proteins, effector proteins, toxins, and particles found in the M cell cytoplasm during infection or surveillance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.