ReviewMediators of inflammation2015
Pivotal roles of GM-CSF in autoimmunity and inflammation.
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Understanding the dual role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the lung cancer tumor microenvironment and its therapeutic implications.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- An in utero exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol affects the fat pad composition in post-natal mammary glands.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Role of T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Non-Invasive Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers in Endometriosis, Molecular Signatures Linking Pelvic Inflammation, Oocyte Quality, and IVF OutcomesCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Recent advances in oncolytic virus combined immunotherapy in tumor treatment.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Tibolone Improves Motor Recovery and Regulates Neuroinflammation and Gliosis in a Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The In Vitro Effects of Choline on Non-Esterified Fatty Acid-Treated Bovine Peripheral Blood Leukocytes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Immunological Markers of Cardiovascular Pathology in Older Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- GM-CSF production by immune cells in steady state and autoimmune neuroinflammation mapped using fate reporting mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Precancerous pathways to gastric cancer: a review of experimental animal models recapitulating the correa cascade.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Article
- GM-CSF Promotes the Development of Dysfunctional Vascular Networks in Moyamoya Disease.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Immunotherapeutic implications on targeting the cytokines produced in rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Review
- Dual Functions of T Lymphocytes in Breast Carcinoma: From Immune Protection to Orchestrating Tumor Progression and Metastasis.Cancers · 2023Review
- The Cytokine Profile in Different Stages of Schistosomiasis Japonica.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Concordant and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Peptide-Based Vaccine against Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Prospects.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Increased expression of CSF1 in patients with eosinophilic asthma.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- Allogenic Synovia-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Equine Tendinopathies and Desmopathies-Proof of Concept.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor, which stimulates the proliferation of granulocytes and macrophages from bone marrow precursor cells. In autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, Th17 cells have been considered as strong inducers of tissue inflammation. However, recent evidence indicates that GM-CSF has prominent proinflammatory functions and that this growth factor (not IL-17) is critical for the pathogenicity of CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, the mechanism of GM-CSF-producing CD4(+) T cell differentiation and the role of GM-CSF in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are gaining increasing attention. This review summarizes the latest knowledge of GM-CSF and its relationship with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The potential therapies targeting GM-CSF as well as their possible side effects have also been addressed in this review.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.