ArticleDeutsches Arzteblatt international2015
Preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia.
Article in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Standard Normothermia Protocol On Surgical Site Infections: Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluation of the S3 Guideline on Avoidance of Perioperative Hypothermia - Already a Standard or Wishful Thinking?
Perioperative Hypothermia in Patients Submitted to Transurethral Resection
Effect of Active Warming Prior to Surgery in Perioperative Hypothermia
The Effect Of Intraoperative Forced Air Warmer Use, On Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting Among Laparoscopic Surgery Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 241 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of perioperative hypothermia on surgical site infection risk: a meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- Optimal Application of Forced Air Warming to Prevent Peri-Operative Hypothermia during Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Early reduction of forced-air warming temperature can reduce energy consumption during craniotomy: a prospective randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Forced-Air Warming Temperature Settings for Treating Postoperative Hypothermia in the Postanesthesia Care Unit: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR perioperative medicine · 2026Trial
- Comparison between upper body and full underbody forced-air warming blanket in pediatric patients undergoing cardiovascular interventions under general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- A prospective randomized study of the efficacy of continuous active warming in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Active Heating Methods on Body Temperature, Shivering, Thermal Comfort, Pain, Nausea and Vomiting During General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management · 2024Trial
- Effects of different forced-air warming systems on the core temperature of patients: a manikin and multi-center clinical study.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Effect of 10 Minutes of Prewarming and Prewarmed Intravenous Fluid Administration on the Core Temperature of Patients Undergoing Transurethral Surgery under General Anesthesia.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Trial
- Effect of Prewarming on Perioperative Hypothermia in Patients Undergoing Loco-Regional or General Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Trial
- The effect of combining prewarming with intraoperative phenylephrine infusion on the prevention of hypothermia in patients undergoing urological surgery: a prospective, randomized, and controlled trial.International journal of medical sciences · 2023Trial
- Comparison of upper and lower body forced air blanket to prevent perioperative hypothermia in patients who underwent spinal surgery in prone position: a randomized controlled trial.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2022Trial
- Effect of prewarming on body temperature in short-term bladder or prostatic transurethral resection under general anesthesia: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Effects of different thermal insulation methods on the nasopharyngeal temperature in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Influence of oral premedication and prewarming on core temperature of cardiac surgical patients: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2019Trial
- Forced air warming during sedation in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory: a randomised controlled trial.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2018Trial
- Pain During Venous Cannulation.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2017Trial
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background25-90% of all patients undergoing elective surgery suffer from inadvertent postoperative hypothermia, i.e., a core body temperature below 36°C. Compared to normothermic patients, these patients have more frequent wound infections (relative risk [RR] 3.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-7.84), cardiac complications (RR 4.49, 95% CI 1.00-20.16), and blood transfusions (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.66). Hypothermic patients feel uncomfortable, and shivering raises oxygen consumption by about 40%.
methodsThis guideline is based on a systematic review of the literature up to and including October 2012 and a further one from November 2012 to August 2014. The recommendations were developed and agreed upon by representatives of five medical specialty societies in a structured consensus process.
resultsThe patient's core temperature should be measured 1-2 hours before the start of anesthesia, and either continuously or every 15 minutes during surgery. Depending on the nature of the operation, the site of temperature measurement should be oral, naso-/oropharyngeal, esophageal, vesical, or tympanic (direct). The patient should be actively prewarmed 20-30 minutes before surgery to counteract the decline in temperature. Prewarmed patients must be actively warmed intraoperatively as well if the planned duration of anesthesia is longer than 60 minutes (without prewarming, 30 minutes). The ambient temperature in the operating room should be at least 21°C for adult patients and at least 24°C for children. Infusions and blood transfusions that are given at rates of >500 mL/h should be warmed first. Perioperatively, the largest possible area of the body surface should be thermally insulated. Emergence from general anesthesia should take place at normal body temperature. Postoperative hypothermia, if present, should be treated by the administration of convective or conductive heat until normothermia is achieved. Shivering can be treated with medications.
conclusionInadvertent perioperative hypothermia can adversely affect the outcome of surgery and the patient's postoperative course. It should be actively prevented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.