ArticleGastroenterology2015
Obesity Early in Adulthood Increases Risk but Does Not Affect Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Obesity facts · 2024Guideline
- Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Saudi tertiary care center: a 10-year retrospective study.Hepatic oncology · 2026Article
- Impact of cardiometabolic criteria on the pathogenesis of MASLD and diagnostic performance of non-invasive tests.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Trajectory Modelling of Prognostic Biomarkers Linked to Liver Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review.Liver cancer · 2026Article
- Aurantio-obtusin improves obesity and protects hepatic inflammation by rescuing mitochondrial damage in overwhelmed brown adipose tissue.Chinese medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of high body mass index on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic liver disease: A population-based prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Risk and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mexican Americans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Unravelling effects of phytochemicals from buckwheat on cholesterol metabolism and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and its validation through gene expression analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- The Impact of Metabolic Health and Obesity on Liver Transplant Candidates and Recipients.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Interactions between the metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption increases the risk of liver disease.United European gastroenterology journal · 2024Review
- Smoking Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Screening and interventions to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Survival of Patients with Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Concomitant Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Article
- Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Review
- Excessive weight gain onset-age and risk of developing diabetes mellitus: a large, prospective Chinese cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Epidemiologic, Genetic, Pathogenic, Metabolic, Epigenetic Aspects Involved in NASH-HCC: Current Therapeutic Strategies.Cancers · 2022Review
- Body mass index trajectories, weight gain and risks of liver and biliary tract cancers.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2022Article
- Obesity and Risk of Liver and Biliary Tract Cancer: Does Timing and Trajectory Matter?JNCI cancer spectrum · 2022Article
- β2-spectrin (SPTBN1) as a therapeutic target for diet-induced liver disease and preventing cancer development.Science translational medicine · 2021Article
- Dietary N-Nitroso Compounds and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A USA-Based Study.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsDespite the significant association between obesity and several cancers, it has been difficult to establish an association between obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with HCC often have ascites, making it a challenge to determine body mass index (BMI) accurately, and many factors contribute to the development of HCC. We performed a case-control study to investigate whether obesity early in adulthood affects risk, age of onset, or outcomes of patients with HCC.
methodsWe interviewed 622 patients newly diagnosed with HCC from January 2004 through December 2013, along with 660 healthy controls (frequency-matched by age and sex) to determine weights, heights, and body sizes (self-reported) at various ages before HCC development or enrollment as controls. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent effects of early obesity on risk for HCC and patient outcomes, respectively. BMI was calculated, and patients with a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or greater were considered obese.
resultsObesity in early adulthood (age, mid-20s to mid-40s) is a significant risk factor for HCC. The estimated odds ratios were 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-4.4), 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2-4.4), and 3.6 (95% CI, 1.5-8.9) for the entire population, for men, and for women, respectively. Each unit increase in BMI at early adulthood was associated with a 3.89-month decrease in age at HCC diagnosis (P < .001). Moreover, there was a synergistic interaction between obesity and hepatitis virus infection. However, we found no effect of obesity on the overall survival of patients with HCC.
conclusionsEarly adulthood obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing HCC at a young age in the absence of major HCC risk factors, with no effect on outcomes of patients with HCC.
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