Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25835540›Full record

ArticlePloS one2015

Association of household and community socioeconomic position and urbanicity with underweight and overweight among women in Pakistan.

Naveed Zafar Janjua, Bushra Mahmood, Junaid A Bhatti, M Imran Khan

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04204538 (Evaluation of Dietary Practices and Assessment of Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in the Young Adult Population of Rwanda), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04204538 completednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of Dietary Practices and Assessment of Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in the Young Adult Population of Rwanda

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity GhentRan2021 to 2023Enrolled1,247ConditionsMetabolic Syndrome, Nutritional Status, Diet HabitArmsDietary habits, Risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Naveed Zafar JanjuaBritish Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Bushra MahmoodSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Junaid A BhattiSunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
M Imran KhanSabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America.
University of British Columbia · CASabin Vaccine Institute · USUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSimilar to other developing countries, Pakistan is going through a rapid nutrition transition where shift from underweight to overweight and obesity is occurring. In this paper, we report on the relationship of household socioeconomic position (SEP), community SEP and urbanicity with under- and over-weight categories of BMI among Pakistani women.

methodsWe analyzed data on 4,767 women ages 15-49 years enrolled in a nationally representative Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS) conducted in 2012-13 that employed a multistage, stratified cluster sampling design. We assessed the association of urbanicity, household and community SEP derived from household assets and utilities, with categories of body mass index (BMI) using multinomial regression analysis where normal weight (BMI 18.6-22.5) was the reference category.

resultsThirteen percent of women were underweight (BMI <18.5), 15% pre-overweight (BMI: 22.6-24.9), 25% overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9) and 14% were obese (BMI≥30). Pre-overweight, overweight and obesity among women increased across household wealth quintiles (HWQs) in a graded fashion whereas there was no significant difference in underweight by household wealth. Women in urban areas were more likely to be obese. There was a pronounced increase in adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for overweight/obesity across HWQs within urban areas compared to rural areas. There was a steeper gradient in aORs for obesity from 1st to 5th HWQs in high income communities compared to the middle- and low income communities. In community-level analyses, communities in urban areas were more likely to have higher levels of obesity while in rural areas, especially in Sindh, more communities were more likely to have a higher level of underweight.

conclusionA shift to higher overweight and obesity than underweight in Pakistan is associated with high household and community wealth as well as living in urban areas. Clustering of obesity and underweight in distinct communities afford opportunity for tailored intervention programs.

Indexed as

Nutritional StatusSocial ClassAdolescentAdultBody Mass IndexFamily CharacteristicsFemaleHumansMiddle AgedObesityPakistanRegression AnalysisThinnessUrban Population

Identifiers

PMID25835540
PMCPMC4383475
OpenAlexW1993669290

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.