ReviewPhysiological reviews2015
Regulation of increased blood flow (hyperemia) to muscles during exercise: a hierarchy of competing physiological needs.
Review in Physiological reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04586049 (Autonomic Dysfunction, Brain Blood Flow and Cognitive Decline in Veterans With Gulf War Illness), which is not on this map. Cited by 381 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Autonomic Dysfunction, Brain Blood Flow and Cognitive Decline in Veterans With Gulf War Illness
Who cites it
381 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 765 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The effect of exercise therapy on pain, fatigue, bone function and inflammatory biomarkers individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and knee osteoarthritis: a meta-research review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative Effectiveness of Different Exercises for Reducing Pain Intensity in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Sports medicine - open · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of citrulline on endurance performance in young healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis.Military Medical Research · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sex differences in NIRS-derived reactive hyperemia across protocols and their association with muscle quality.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
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- Exercise-induced bronchodilation is not impacted by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in males or females.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- The effects of ischemic preconditioning and placebo maneuvers are similar during arm-cranking performance in upper-body trained athletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Ischemic preconditioning with active reperfusion does not improve high-intensity intermittent exercise in youth team sport players.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Effects of inspiratory muscle training on oxygen consumption, muscle oxygen, and physical activity levels in patients with Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effects of acute selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on skeletal muscle microvascular oxygenation and exercise tolerance.Experimental physiology · 2025Trial
- Comparative Effects of Abdominal Bracing and Valsalva Maneuver on Cerebral and Peripheral Hemodynamics in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Trial
- Aerobic Exercise Preconditioning Does Not Augment Muscle Hypertrophy During Subsequent Resistance Exercise Training in Healthy Older Adults.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Cold pressor-induced sympathetic activation blunts the femoral but not carotid artery vascular responsiveness.Physiological reports · 2025Trial
- Habitual preexercise caffeine supplementation prevents exercise training-induced attenuation of exercising systolic blood pressure and double product.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Trial
- Acute effects of cold, heat and contrast pressure therapy on forearm muscles regeneration in combat sports athletes: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Arterial Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation during Handgrip Exercise in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women.Nutrients · 2024Trial
321 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This review focuses on how blood flow to contracting skeletal muscles is regulated during exercise in humans. The idea is that blood flow to the contracting muscles links oxygen in the atmosphere with the contracting muscles where it is consumed. In this context, we take a top down approach and review the basics of oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise in humans, how these values change with training, and the systemic hemodynamic adaptations that support them. We highlight the very high muscle blood flow responses to exercise discovered in the 1980s. We also discuss the vasodilating factors in the contracting muscles responsible for these very high flows. Finally, the competition between demand for blood flow by contracting muscles and maximum systemic cardiac output is discussed as a potential challenge to blood pressure regulation during heavy large muscle mass or whole body exercise in humans. At this time, no one dominant dilator mechanism accounts for exercise hyperemia. Additionally, complex interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the microcirculation facilitate high levels of systemic oxygen extraction and permit just enough sympathetic control of blood flow to contracting muscles to regulate blood pressure during large muscle mass exercise in humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.