ArticleScience translational medicine2015
Cytomegalovirus infection enhances the immune response to influenza.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01827462 (Immune Senescence in the Elderly), which is not on this map. Cited by 223 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immune Senescence in the Elderly: Comparison of Immune Responses to Influenza Vaccine In Adults of Different Ages
Who cites it
223 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 336 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of latent cytomegalovirus infection on the antibody response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2019Pooled it
- Measuring the cellular memory B cell response after vaccination in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Annals of hematology · 2020Trial
- Reduced Ebola vaccine responses in CMV+ young adults is associated with expansion of CD57+KLRG1+ T cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Trial
- Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Influenza vaccine-mediated protection in older adults: Impact of influenza infection, cytomegalovirus serostatus and vaccine dosage.Experimental gerontology · 2018Trial
- Cytomegalovirus Latency Fuels Inflammation Following Myocardial Infarction.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Drugging the immune system: principles of immunopharmacology.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Article
- Double trouble: how co- and superinfections shape viral dynamics and host responses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Cytomegalovirus and Aging-How Can the Field Move Forward?The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Integrated drivers of basal and acute immunity in diverse human populations.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Antiviral CD4Communications medicine · 2026Article
- CMV seropositivity associates with poor clinical outcome in triple negative breast cancer.iScience · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus in HIV: A Modifiable Driver of Inflammation, Frailty, and Aging.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- The impact of cytomegalovirus coinfection on tuberculosis in the mouse model.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Viral infection states, immune control, and adult cognition: evidence across latency, persistence, and post-acute responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- The immunomodulatory role of human cytomegalovirus in cancer in the era of checkpoint immunotherapy.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Multivariate Host-Pathogen Interactions Driving Heterogeneous Viral Shedding and CD8medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- CMV-specific clonal expansion of Th1, GZMKbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Metagenomics reveals cryptic circulation of zoonotic viruses in Nigeria.Research square · 2025Article
163 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β-herpesvirus present in a latent form in most people worldwide. In immunosuppressed individuals, CMV can reactivate and cause serious clinical complications, but the effect of the latent state on healthy people remains elusive. We undertook a systems approach to understand the differences between seropositive and negative subjects and measured hundreds of immune system components from blood samples including cytokines and chemokines, immune cell phenotyping, gene expression, ex vivo cell responses to cytokine stimuli, and the antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination. As expected, we found decreased responses to vaccination and an overall down-regulation of immune components in aged individuals regardless of CMV status. In contrast, CMV-seropositive young adults exhibited enhanced antibody responses to influenza vaccination, increased CD8(+) T cell sensitivity, and elevated levels of circulating interferon-γ compared to seronegative individuals. Experiments with young mice infected with murine CMV also showed significant protection from an influenza virus challenge compared with uninfected animals, although this effect declined with time. These data show that CMV and its murine equivalent can have a beneficial effect on the immune response of young, healthy individuals, which may explain the ubiquity of CMV infection in humans and many other species.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.