ArticleAutophagy2015
Shiga toxins induce autophagic cell death in intestinal epithelial cells via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.
Article in Autophagy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shaping death: how the microbiome regulates tumour cell demise and therapy response.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- NUPR1 in breast cancer: mechanisms and potential applications.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- EnterohemorrhagicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Role of C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) and Nupr1 Interaction in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis of Lens Epithelial Cells.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- EnterohemorrhagicAIMS microbiology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Efficacy of Curcumin and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Breast Cancer by Preclinical Studies.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Deoxypodophyllotoxin Mediates Autophagy Death through Inhibition of GRP78 in Human Osteosarcoma.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress and quality control in relation to cisplatin resistance in tumor cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Shiga toxin 2 A-subunit induces mitochondrial damage, mitophagy and apoptosis via the interaction of Tom20 in Caco-2 cells.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Article
- Baicalin regulates autophagy to interfere with small intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- IRE1α-Driven Inflammation Promotes Clearance of Citrobacter rodentium Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Discovery of a small molecule inhibitor of cullin neddylation that triggers ER stress to induce autophagy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Article
- Shiga Toxins as Antitumor Tools.Toxins · 2021Review
- ATF4 links ER stress with reticulophagy in glioblastoma cells.Autophagy · 2021Article
- Review
- Novel therapeutic strategies and perspectives for pancreatic cancer: Autophagy and apoptosis are key mechanisms to fight pancreatic cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2021Review
- Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents Burkholderia pseudomallei-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and is protective during melioidosis in mice.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
- NUPR1 is a critical repressor of ferroptosis.Nature communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stxs) are a family of cytotoxic proteins that lead to the development of bloody diarrhea, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and central nervous system complications caused by bacteria such as S. dysenteriae, E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O104:H4. Increasing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (autophagy) is a key factor in the cell death induced by Stxs. However, the associated mechanisms are not yet clear. This study showed that Stx2 induces autophagic cell death in Caco-2 cells, a cultured line model of human enterocytes. Inhibition of autophagy using pharmacological inhibitors, such as 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1, or silencing of the autophagy genes ATG12 or BECN1 decreased the Stx2-induced death in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, there were numerous instances of dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the Stx2-treated Caco-2 cells, and repression of ER stress due to the depletion of viable candidates of DDIT3 and NUPR1. These processes led to Stx2-induced autophagy and cell death. Finally, the data showed that the pseudokinase TRIB3-mediated DDIT3 expression and AKT1 dephosphorylation upon ER stress were triggered by Stx2. Thus, the data indicate that Stx2 causes autophagic cell death via the ER stress pathway in intestinal epithelial cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.