ArticlePloS one2015
Direct healthcare cost of obesity in brazil: an application of the cost-of-illness method from the perspective of the public health system in 2011.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- The clinical and economic burden of obesity in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- The future costs of cancer attributable to excess body weight in Brazil, 2030-2040.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Economic Burden of Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of linear periodization of combined training on quality of life of adults with obesity: a blind randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Association of hospitalization costs with demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle characteristics: Population-based study in Sao Paulo city, Brazil, 2003-2015.Health policy OPEN · 2026Article
- Low- and Very-Low-Calorie Diets and Medication Use in Hospitalized Patients with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Random Forest Analysis of Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases, Lifestyle, Lipid Profile, and Genetic Information in São Paulo, Brazil.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Potential health and economic impact of achieving Kenya's overweight and obesity reduction target: a modelling study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- The impact of obesity: a narrative review.Singapore medical journal · 2023Review
- Avoidable diet-related deaths and cost-of-illness with culturally optimized modifications in diet: The case of Brazil.PloS one · 2023Article
- Estimating the healthcare cost of overweight and obesity in South Africa.Global health action · 2022Article
- A systemic challenge in dietetics: Methodological inadequacies, erroneous claims, and misleadinginterpretations, and transparency of post-publication scrutiny.Nutrition and health · 2022Article
- Obesity and health service utilization in Brazil: data from the National Health Survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Characterization of the prevalence of excess weight in Brazil.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Changes in Obesity Prevalence Attributable to Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in Brazil Between 2002 and 2009.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Role of bariatric surgery in a COVID-19 era: a review of economic costs.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery · 2021Review
- Review
- Firmicutes Levels in the Mouth Reflect the Gut Condition With Respect to Obesity and Early Childhood Caries.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObesity is a global public health problem and a risk factor for several diseases that financially impact healthcare systems.
objectiveTo estimate the direct costs attributable to obesity (body mass index {BMI} ≥ 30 kg/m2) and morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) in adults aged ≥ 20 incurred by the Brazilian public health system in 2011. SETTINGS: Public hospitals and outpatient care.
methodsA cost-of-illness method was adopted using a top-down approach based on prevalence. The proportion of the cost of each obesity-associated comorbidity was calculated and obesity prevalence was used to calculate attributable risk. Direct healthcare cost data (inpatient care, bariatric surgery, outpatient care, medications and diagnostic procedures) were extracted from the Ministry of Health information systems, available on the web.
resultsDirect costs attributable to obesity totaled US$ 269.6 million (1.86% of all expenditures on medium- and high-complexity health care). The cost of morbid obesity accounted for 23.8% (US$ 64.2 million) of all obesity-related costs despite being 18 times less prevalent than obesity. Bariatric surgery costs in Brazil totaled US$ 17.4 million in 2011. The cost of morbid obesity in women was five times higher than it was in men.
conclusionThe cost of morbid obesity was found to be proportionally higher than the cost of obesity. If the current epidemic were not reversed, the prevalence of obesity in Brazil will increase gradually in the coming years, as well as its costs, having serious implications for the financial sustainability of the Brazilian public health system.
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