Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2016
Phase 1 Trials of rVSV Ebola Vaccine in Africa and Europe.
5 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 226 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
226citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
41.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open Label, Single Center, Dose Escalation Phase I Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of a Single Ascending Dose of the Ebola Virus Vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (BPSC1001)
A Phase I/II Dose-finding Randomized, Single-center, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Safety and Immunogenicity Trial of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-vectored Zaire Ebola Candidate Vaccine BPSC1001 (VSVΔG-ZEBOV) in Healthy Adults.
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of the BPSC1001 (VSVΔG-ZEBOV) Ebola Virus Vaccine Candidate in Healthy Adult Volunteers in Kilifi, Kenya.
A Multicenter Study of the Immunogenicity of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Vaccine for Ebola-Zaire (rVSV∆G-ZEBOV-GP Vaccine) for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Individuals at Potential Occupational Risk for Ebola Virus Exposure (PREPARE)
Long-term Immune Durability After Vaccination With the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-vectored Zaire Ebola Candidate Vaccine (VSV-EBOV): a Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Who cites it
226 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 409 citations in OpenAlex.
- MPOX outbreak in Africa: the urgent need for local manufacturing of the vaccine and decolonized health systems.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of Ebola virus vaccines in healthy adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- Use of Ebola Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Safety and Immunogenicity of an rVSV Lassa Fever Vaccine Candidate.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Trial
- Vector-Induced Humoral Responses After rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Immunization Identify Vaccinated Individuals and Correlate With Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Antibodies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Immunogenicity and Vaccine Shedding After 1 or 2 Doses of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola Vaccine (ERVEBO®): Results From a Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial in Children and Adults.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Receiving rVSVΔ-ZEBOV-GP Ebola Vaccine during the Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine against Ebola.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Immunogenicity, Lot Consistency, and Extended Safety of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Vaccine: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a Heterologous Prime-Boost Ebola Virus Vaccine Regimen in Healthy Adults in the United Kingdom and Senegal.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Monitoring Serious Adverse Events in the Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine Against Ebola.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- The Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine Against Ebola: An Evaluation of rVSV∆G-ZEBOV-GP Vaccine Tolerability and Safety During the West Africa Ebola Outbreak.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Trial
- DNA Priming Increases Frequency of T-Cell Responses to a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus HIV Vaccine with Specific Enhancement of CD8Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Trial
- Phase 2 Placebo-Controlled Trial of Two Vaccines to Prevent Ebola in Liberia.The New England journal of medicine · 2017Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine in adults and children in Lambaréné, Gabon: A phase I randomised trial.PLoS medicine · 2017Trial
- Systems Vaccinology Identifies an Early Innate Immune Signature as a Correlate of Antibody Responses to the Ebola Vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV.Cell reports · 2017Trial
- Assessing the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus Ebola vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized clinical trial.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2017Trial
- Six-Month Safety Data of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Zaire Ebola Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Vaccine in a Phase 3 Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Study in Healthy Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of GamEvac-Combi, a heterologous VSV- and Ad5-vectored Ebola vaccine: An open phase I/II trial in healthy adults in Russia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Trial
166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
58 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.
Selidji T AgnandjiFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Angela HuttnerFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Madeleine E ZinserFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Patricia NjugunaFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Christine DahlkeFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
José F FernandesFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Sabine YerlyFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Julie-Anne DayerFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Verena KraehlingFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Rahel KasontaFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Akim A AdegnikaFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Marcus AltfeldFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Floriane AudersetFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Emmanuel B BacheFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Nadine BiedenkopfFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Saskia BorregaardFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Jessica S BrosnahanFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Rebekah BurrowFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Christophe CombescureFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Jules DesmeulesFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Markus EickmannFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Sarah K FehlingFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Axel FinckhFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Ana Rita GoncalvesFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Martin P GrobuschFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Jay HooperFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Alen JambrecinaFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Anita L KabwendeFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Gürkan KayaFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Domtila KimaniFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Bertrand LellFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Barbara LemaîtreFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Ansgar W LohseFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Marguerite Massinga-LoembeFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Alain MattheyFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Benjamin MordmüllerFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Anne NoltingFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Caroline OgwangFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Michael RamharterFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Jonas Schmidt-ChanasitFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Stefan SchmiedelFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Peter SilveraFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Felix R StahlFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Henry M StainesFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Thomas StreckerFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Hans C StubbeFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Benjamin TsofaFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Sherif ZakiFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Patricia FastFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Vasee MoorthyFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Laurent KaiserFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Sanjeev KrishnaFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Stephan BeckerFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Marie-Paule KienyFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Philip BejonFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Peter G KremsnerFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Marylyn M AddoFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
Claire-Anne SiegristFrom the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.); Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (S.T.A., J.F.F., A.A.A., E.B.B., J.S.B., M.P.G., A.L.K., B. Lell, M.M.-L., B.M., M.R., S.K., P.G.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine (M.E.Z., C.D., R.K., A.W.L., A.N., S.S., H.C.S., M.M.A.), and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (F.R.S.), German Center for Infection Research, partner site Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel (C.D., A.N., J.S.-C., H.C.S., M.M.A.), Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (M.A.), Clinical Trial Center North (S. Borregaard, A.J.), and Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases (J.S.-C.), Hamburg, Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Virology, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg (V.K., N.B., M.E., S.K.F., T.S., S. Becker), and the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen (R.K.) - all in Germany; the Infection Control Program (A.H.), Divisions of Infectious Diseases (A.H., J.-A.D., L.K.), Clinical Epidemiology (C.C.), Rheumatology (A.F.), and Dermatology (G.K.), and Centers for Clinical Research (J.D., A.M.) and Vaccinology (C.-A.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, the Virology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals (S.Y., A.R.G., L.K.), WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine (F.A., B. Lemaître, C.-A.S.), and the WHO (P.F., V.M., M.-P.K.) - all in Geneva; the Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Center for Geographic Medicine
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf · DECentre de Recherche Médicales de Lambaréné · GAUniversität Hamburg · DEUniversitätsklinikum Tübingen · DEGerman Center for Infection Research · DESt George's, University of London · GBUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center · DEKenya Medical Research Institute · KEMedical University of Vienna · ATOffice of Infectious Diseases · USUnited States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases · US
Funding
Wellcome Trust
Abstract
backgroundThe replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based vaccine expressing a Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) glycoprotein was selected for rapid safety and immunogenicity testing before its use in West Africa.
methodsWe performed three open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 trials and one randomized, double-blind, controlled phase 1 trial to assess the safety, side-effect profile, and immunogenicity of rVSV-ZEBOV at various doses in 158 healthy adults in Europe and Africa. All participants were injected with doses of vaccine ranging from 300,000 to 50 million plaque-forming units (PFU) or placebo.
resultsNo serious vaccine-related adverse events were reported. Mild-to-moderate early-onset reactogenicity was frequent but transient (median, 1 day). Fever was observed in up to 30% of vaccinees. Vaccine viremia was detected within 3 days in 123 of the 130 participants (95%) receiving 3 million PFU or more; rVSV was not detected in saliva or urine. In the second week after injection, arthritis affecting one to four joints developed in 11 of 51 participants (22%) in Geneva, with pain lasting a median of 8 days (interquartile range, 4 to 87); 2 self-limited cases occurred in 60 participants (3%) in Hamburg, Germany, and Kilifi, Kenya. The virus was identified in one synovial-fluid aspirate and in skin vesicles of 2 other vaccinees, showing peripheral viral replication in the second week after immunization. ZEBOV-glycoprotein-specific antibody responses were detected in all the participants, with similar glycoprotein-binding antibody titers but significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers at higher doses. Glycoprotein-binding antibody titers were sustained through 180 days in all participants.
conclusionsIn these studies, rVSV-ZEBOV was reactogenic but immunogenic after a single dose and warrants further evaluation for safety and efficacy. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust and others; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02283099, NCT02287480, and NCT02296983; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry number, PACTR201411000919191.).
Indexed as
AdultAntibodies, ViralArthritisDermatitisDouble-Blind MethodEbola VaccinesEbolavirusExanthemaFemaleHemorrhagic Fever, EbolaHumansMaleMembrane GlycoproteinsMiddle AgedRecombinant ProteinsVesiculovirusAntibodies, ViralEbola Vaccinesenvelope glycoprotein, Ebola virusMembrane GlycoproteinsRecombinant ProteinsViral Envelope Proteins
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Registered trials
NCT02283099ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02287480ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02296983ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02788227ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02933931ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.