ReviewInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife2015
A review of Theileria diagnostics and epidemiology.
Review in International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and determinants of bovine theileriosis in India: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks and livestock in Uganda from 1980 to 2024.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Piroplasma spp. Infection and Co-infection with Anaplasma marginale in Domestic Ruminants from Algeria.Acta parasitologica · 2024Pooled it
- Global prevalence and species diversity of tick-borne pathogens in buffaloes worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasites & vectors · 2023Pooled it
- Equine piroplasmosis: an insight into global exposure of equids from 1990 to 2019 by systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitology · 2020Pooled it
- First Molecular Report of Haemaphysalis shimoga and Haemaphysalis bispinosa Infesting Captive Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) in Malaysia, with Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Theileria Co-infection.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Parasitic Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Animal Hosts in Chuy Province, Kyrgyzstan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular Survey ofVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Ref: Submission ID 0e636778-60d8-4db7-8504-1b5c099437d9 Preliminary In Vitro Evaluation of Dodecyl Trimethylammonium Bromide (DDTAB) as a Selective Inhibitor of Theileria annulata-Infected Lymphocyte Proliferation.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- From Benign Parasite to Emerging Pathogen: A Review ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Advances and Challenges in the Diagnosis of Vector-Borne Protozoal Infections in Veterinary Medicine.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular investigation of tick-borne and zoonotic pathogen dissemination and host-pathogen interactions in canines.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Morphological Examination and Molecular Characterization of Theileria spp. From Dairy Cattle in Lingwu, Ningxia, China.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of pathogenic and endosymbiont microorganisms in Hyalomma ticks collected from livestock.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Tick-borne pathogens in meat sheep from Brazil: first report of Theileria ovis in sheep in latin America.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and molecular characterization of Theileria sp. from endangered Arabian gazelles in Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Molecular Prevalence of Hemotropic Mycoplasmosis and Associated Risk Factors for Co-Infection with Gastrointestinal Nematode in Anemic Meat Goats of Northeast Thailand.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of prevalent Theileria orientalis in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical impact of Theileria orientalis infection in Japanese Black cattle in Okinawa, Japan.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Molecular evidence of fatal theileriosis in pastoralic Gaddi breed goats in Himachal Pradesh, North India: cladistics and population structure analysis.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An extensive range of serological and molecular diagnostic assays exist for most of the economically important Theileira species such as T. annulata, T. equi, T. lestoquardi, T. parva, T. uilenbergi and other more benign species. Diagnostics of Theileria is considered with regard to sensitivity and specificity of current molecular and serological assays and their use in epidemiology. In the case of serological assays, cross-reactivity of genetically closely related species reduces the use of the gold standard indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Development of antigen-specific assays does not necessarily address this problem, since closely related species will potentially have similar antigens. Even so, serological assays remain an important line of enquiry in epidemiological surveys. Molecular based assays have exploded in the last decade with significant improvements in sensitivity and specificity. In this review, the current interpretation of what constitute a species in Theileria and its impact on accurate molecular diagnostics is considered. Most molecular assays based on conventional or real-time PCR technology have proven to be on standard with regard to analytical sensitivity. However, consideration of the limits of detection in regard to total blood volume of an animal indicates that most assays may only detect >400,000 parasites/L blood. Even so, natural parasitaemia distribution in carrier-state animals seems to be above this limit of detection, suggesting that most molecular assays should be able to detect the majority of infected individuals under endemic conditions. The potential for false-negative results can, however, only be assessed within the biological context of the parasite within its vertebrate host, i.e. parasitaemia range in the carrier-state that will support infection of the vector and subsequent transmission.
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