ArticlePloS one2015
Association of thyroid diseases with primary extra-thyroidal malignancies in women: results of a cross-sectional study of 6,386 patients.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid and renal cancers: A bidirectional association.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Hypothyroidism as Prognostic Factor in Cutaneous Melanoma: A 1553-Patient Single-Center Study.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Current Evidence, Selective Indications, and the Role of Lymph-Node Assessment in Intraoperative Frozen Section in Thyroid Cancer Surgery: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Autoimmune thyroiditis promotes breast cancer progression: exploratory role of thyroid hormone receptor beta signaling disruption.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Independent Effects of Hypothyroidism and Obesity on Endometrial Cancer Risk Revealed by Mendelian Randomisation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between thyroid disorders and extra-thyroidal cancers, a review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- Unraveling the connection between Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: exploring the role of CD4Endocrine · 2024Article
- Genetically predicted thyroid function and risk of colorectal cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Insights on the Association between Thyroid Diseases and Colorectal Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Axillary Treatment Management in Breast Cancer during COVID-19 Pandemic (Association between ACOSOG Z0011 Criteria and OSNA Test).Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Editorial: Differential diagnoses of thyroid neoplasms: Molecular and histological features and the impact on follow-up.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Article
- Is Melanoma Progression Affected by Thyroid Diseases?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Incidental discovery of a Hodgkin lymphoma synchronous to a papillary thyroid carcinoma.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Thyroid Diseases and Breast Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Papillary Thyroid Cancer Prognosis: An Evolving Field.Cancers · 2021Review
- Hormone-Related Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases: A Complex Interplay to be Discovered.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We here analyzed the prevalence of extra-thyroidal malignancies (EM) in 6,386 female patients affected by different thyroid disease (TD). At first, an age-matched analysis of EM in all patients was performed. We then evaluated EM prevalence in four TD diagnostic categories: non-nodular TD (n = 2,159); solitary nodule (n = 905); multinodular TD (n = 2,871); differentiated thyroid cancers (n = 451). Finally, patients were grouped based on the absence (n = 3,820) or presence of anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) and/or anti-thyroperoxidase (TPOAb) (n = 2,369), or anti-Thyroid Stmulating Hormone (TSH) receptor autoantibodies (n = 197). A total of 673 EM were recorded. EM prevalence in TD patients was higher compared to the general population (Odds Ratio, OR 3.21) and the most frequent EM was breast cancer (OR 3.94), followed by colorectal (OR 2.18), melanoma (OR 6.71), hematological (OR 8.57), uterus (OR 2.52), kidney (OR 3.40) and ovary (OR 2.62) neoplasms. Age-matched analysis demonstrated that the risk of EM was maximal at age 0-44 yr (OR 11.28), remaining lower, but significantly higher that in the general population, in the 45-59 and 60-74 year age range. Breast and hematological malignancies showed an increased OR in all TD, while other cancers associated with specific TD. An increased OR for melanoma, breast and hematological malignancies was observed in both TPOAb and/or TgAb autoantibody negative and positive patients, while colorectal, uterus, kidney and ovary cancers showed an increased OR only in thyroid autoantibody negative patients. In conclusions, women affected by both benign and malignant TD, especially at a younger age and in absence of thyroid autoimmunity, have an increased risk of developing primary EM, thus requiring a careful follow-up and surveillance.
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