ArticlePloS one2015
Hepatic stellate cells express thymosin Beta 4 in chronically damaged liver.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seeing between the lines: matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging advances for microbial interactions.Current opinion in microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Thymosin Beta 4 Inhibits LPS and ATP-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cells via the Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Comparative proteomic analysis of mustard lung as a complicated disease using systems biology approach.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- A novel monoacylglycerol lipase-targetedActa pharmacologica Sinica · 2022Article
- The Role of Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP Axis in Organ Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Glycogen synthase kinase-3β: a promising candidate in the fight against fibrosis.Theranostics · 2020Review
- Thymosin β4 inhibits PDGF-BB induced activation, proliferation, and migration of human hepatic stellate cells via its actin-binding domain.Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2018Article
- Mechanisms in hypertension and target organ damage: Is the role of the thymus key? (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2018Review
- ThymosinOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2018Article
- Thymosin β4 alleviates renal fibrosis and tubular cell apoptosis through TGF-β pathway inhibition in UUO rat models.BMC nephrology · 2017Article
- Thymosin-β4 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells through PI3K/AKT pathway.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Effects of exogenous thymosin β4 on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Thymosin beta-4 regulates activation of hepatic stellate cells via hedgehog signaling.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- miR-200c Accelerates Hepatic Stellate Cell-Induced Liver Fibrosis via Targeting the FOG2/PI3K Pathway.BioMed research international · 2017Article
- MicroRNA Expression Profiling in CCl₄-Induced Liver Fibrosis of Mus musculus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- Potential role of thymosin Beta 4 in liver fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the various biological roles of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) have been studied widely, the effect of Tβ4 and Tβ4-expressing cells in the liver remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the expression and function of Tβ4 in chronically damaged livers. CCl4 was injected into male mice to induce a model of chronic liver disease. Mice were sacrificed at 6 and 10 weeks after CCl4 treatment, and the livers were collected for biochemical analysis. The activated LX-2, human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line, were transfected with Tβ4-specific siRNA and activation markers of HSCs were examined. Compared to HepG2, higher expression of Tβ4 in RNA and protein levels was detected in the activated LX-2. In addition, Tβ4 was up-regulated in human liver with advanced liver fibrosis. The expression of Tβ4 increased during mouse HSC activation. Tβ4 was also up-regulated and Tβ4-positive cells were co-localized with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the livers of CCl4-treated mice, whereas such cells were rarely detected in the livers of corn-oil treated mice. The suppression of Tβ4 in LX-2 cells by siRNA induced the down-regulation of HSC activation-related genes, tgf-β, α-sma, collagen, and vimentin, and up-regulation of HSC inactivation markers, ppar-γ and gfap. Immunofluorescent staining detected rare co-expressing cells with Tβ4 and α-SMA in Tβ4 siRNA-transfected cells. In addition, cytoplasmic lipid droplets were observed in Tβ4 siRNA-treated cells. These results demonstrate that activated HSCs expressed Tβ4 in chronically damaged livers, and this endogenous expression of Tβ4 influenced HSC activation, indicating that Tβ4 might contribute to liver fibrosis by regulating HSC activation.
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