ReviewToxins2015
Chlorotoxin: a helpful natural scorpion peptide to diagnose glioma and fight tumor invasion.
Review in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of LRRC15-binding disulfide-constrained peptides for PET imaging of cancer-associated fibroblasts.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Venom Revolution in Biomedicine: Unlocking Nature's Toxin Toolkit for Therapeutic Innovation.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Novel cilengitide derivatives suppress migration and invasion of temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells via MAPK/Akt pathway inhibition.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Arthropod venom peptides: Pioneering nanotechnology in cancer treatment and drug delivery.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
- Directed evolution of chlorotoxin enhances MMP-2 recognition and improves CAR-T-cell activity in glioblastoma modelsFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- SpecificTheranostics · 2026Article
- Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Scorpion Venom Proteins: Innovations in Cancer Treatment and Future Directions.Current drug targets · 2026Review
- Scorpion Venom as a Source of Cancer Drugs: A Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Chlorotoxin-directed CAR T cell therapy for recurrent glioblastoma: Interim clinical experience demonstrating feasibility and safety.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- [The peptide toxin components and nucleotide metabolites inNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025Article
- Oleocanthal as a Multifunctional Anti-Cancer Agent: Mechanistic Insights, Advanced Delivery Strategies, and Synergies for Precision Oncology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Trojan Horse Delivery Strategies of Natural Medicine Monomers: Challenges and Limitations in Improving Brain Targeting.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Chlorotoxin-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for pH-responsive paclitaxel delivery to Glioblastoma multiforme.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Two Small Peptides fromLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Natural Anticancer Drugs: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Challenges.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- The Significant Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Scorpion: Modern Scientific Exploration of Ion Channels.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chlorotoxin is a small 36 amino-acid peptide identified from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus. Initially, chlorotoxin was used as a pharmacological tool to characterize chloride channels. While studying glioma-specific chloride currents, it was soon discovered that chlorotoxin possesses targeting properties towards cancer cells including glioma, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma, neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. The investigation of the mechanism of action of chlorotoxin has been challenging because its cell surface receptor target remains under questioning since two other receptors have been claimed besides chloride channels. Efforts on chlorotoxin-based applications focused on producing analogues helpful for glioma diagnosis, imaging and treatment. These efforts are welcome since gliomas are very aggressive brain cancers, close to impossible to cure with the current therapeutic arsenal. Among all the chlorotoxin-based strategies, the most promising one to enhance patient mean survival time appears to be the use of chlorotoxin as a targeting agent for the delivery of anti-tumor agents. Finally, the discovery of chlorotoxin has led to the screening of other scorpion venoms to identify chlorotoxin-like peptides. So far several new candidates have been identified. Only detailed research and clinical investigations will tell us if they share the same anti-tumor potential as chlorotoxin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.