ArticleToxins2015
Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice.
Article in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Back to our roots: Integrating wholistic research approaches in the study of medicinal plants and mushrooms.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Naturally Derived Psilocybin for Therapeutic Use: A Six-Criterion Framework for Evidence, Safety, and Benefit-Risk Considerations in Policy and Clinical Development.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Specific and Multi-Product Clade I and Clade IV Sesquiterpene Synthases Contribute to the Psilocybe cubensis Volatilome.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Wherefore the Magic? The Evolutionary Role of Psilocybin in Nature.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- The magic of mushrooms: psilocybin influences behavior in the mangrove rivulus fish,Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Psychedelic compounds directly excite 5-HTTranslational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Psilocin alleviates acute itch in mice: possible involvement of 5-HT2A receptors and kynurenine pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Biochemical Insights into Diverse Psilocybe Mushrooms and Their Metabolites as Sources of Neuroactive Agents: A Review.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- Clade III Synthases Add Cyclic and Linear Terpenoids to the Psilocybe Metabolome.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Chemical Composition and Biological Activities ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Extraction Yields of Psilocybin and Psilocin: A Short Review of Current Methods and Their Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- ExploringJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effect of chemically synthesized psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract on molecular and metabolic profiles in mouse brain.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Psychedelic and nutraceutical interventions as therapeutic strategies for military-related mild traumatic brain injuries.Journal of military, veteran and family health · 2023Review
- Biotechnological Applications of Mushrooms under the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Crucial Aspects and Prospects from Farm to Pharmacy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Intoxication of dogs and cats with common stimulating, hallucinogenic and dissociative recreational drugs.Veterinary and animal science · 2023Review
- Review
- The Bright Side of Psychedelics: Latest Advances and Challenges in Neuropharmacology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Role of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A and TAAR1 Receptors in the Head Twitch Response Induced by 5-Hydroxytryptophan and Psilocybin: Translational Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pharmacological activities and acute toxicity of the psilocin (PC) and dried residues of the crude extracts of psychotropic mushrooms were investigated in mice. The hallucinogenic substances were effectively isolated, by using methanol, from the species of Psilocybe semilanceata and Pholiotina cyanopus, that were collected in the north-east region of Poland. The chemical analysis of these extracts, which was performed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS), indicated the presence of psilocin and other hallucinogenic substances, including indolealkylamines and their phosphorylated analogues. When the pure psilocin or fungal extracts were used, slight differences in determined LD50 values were observed. However, the application of PC evoked the highest level of toxicity (293.07 mg/kg) compared to the activity of extracts from Ph. cyanopus and P. semilanceata, where the level of LD50 was 316.87 mg/kg and 324.37 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the behavioral test, which considered the head-twitching response (HTR), was used to assess the effects of the studied psychotropic factors on the serotonergic system. Both, the fungal extracts and psilocin evoked characteristic serotoninergic effects depending on the dose administered to mice, acting as an agonist/partial agonist on the serotonergic system. A dose of 200 mg/kg 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced spontaneous head-twitching in mice (100% effect), as a result of the formation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain. Compared to the activity of 5-HTP, the intraperitoneal administration of 1mg/kg of psilocin or hallucinogenic extracts of studied mushrooms (Ph. cyanopus and P. semilanceata) reduced the number of head-twitch responses of about 46% and 30%, respectively. In contrast, the administration of PC exhibited a reduction of about 60% in HTR numbers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.