ArticleInfection and immunity2015
Bistable expression of CsgD in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium connects virulence to persistence.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Outbreaks of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis are driven by low-biofilm-producing isolates that emerge under host selection.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Biofilm state transitions: quorum sensing inhibition and network destabilization.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Exploring bet-hedging inmSystems · 2026Article
- From Environmental Persistence to Host Adaptation: Differential Curli Regulation inMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Environmental Persistence and Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A transcription unit based systems biology study onFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- 100+ years of phase variation: the premier bacterial bet-hedging phenomenon.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Review
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- Lactate promotes the biofilm-to-invasive-planktonic transition inInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- A Single Base Change in theMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Quantifying Dynamic Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Resistant Escherichia coli under Translation-Inhibiting Antibiotics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Modulating ferroptosis sensitivity: environmental and cellular targets within the tumor microenvironment.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
- Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Regulation by cyclic di-GMP attenuates dynamics and enhances robustness of bimodal curli gene activation in Escherichia coli.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Is biofilm formation intrinsic to the origin of life?Environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Stochastic activation of a family of TetR type transcriptional regulators controls phenotypic heterogeneity inPNAS nexus · 2022Article
- Polyimidazolium Protects against an Invasive Clinical Isolate of Salmonella Typhimurium.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- One Health-One Biofilm.Veterinary research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria often need to survive in the host and the environment, and it is not well understood how cells transition between these equally challenging situations. For the human and animal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, biofilm formation is correlated with persistence outside a host, but the connection to virulence is unknown. In this study, we analyzed multicellular-aggregate and planktonic-cell subpopulations that coexist when S. Typhimurium is grown under biofilm-inducing conditions. These cell types arise due to bistable expression of CsgD, the central biofilm regulator. Despite being exposed to the same stresses, the two cell subpopulations had 1,856 genes that were differentially expressed, as determined by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Aggregated cells displayed the characteristic gene expression of biofilms, whereas planktonic cells had enhanced expression of numerous virulence genes. Increased type three secretion synthesis in planktonic cells correlated with enhanced invasion of a human intestinal cell line and significantly increased virulence in mice compared to the aggregates. However, when the same groups of cells were exposed to desiccation, the aggregates survived better, and the competitive advantage of planktonic cells was lost. We hypothesize that CsgD-based differentiation is a form of bet hedging, with single cells primed for host cell invasion and aggregated cells adapted for persistence in the environment. This allows S. Typhimurium to spread the risks of transmission and ensures a smooth transition between the host and the environment.
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