ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2015
Hypothalamic innate immune reaction in obesity.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hypothalamic neurovascular and extracellular matrix remodeling: Cellular niche orchestration of immune-metabolic adaptation to nutritional stress.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Region-specific demographic determinants and hemispheric asymmetry of perivascular space burden in healthy adults: a quantitative 3T neuroimaging study.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- The long non-coding RNA landscape of endurance exercise training.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Neuroendocrine-immune perturbations in metabolic disease: pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- The Long Non-coding RNA Landscape of Endurance Exercise Training.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Biological Sex And High-Fat High-Fructose Diet on Brain Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Sepsis.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cells in the mouse hypothalamus control immune activation and ameliorate metabolic impairments in high-calorie environments.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Rheumatic diseases and metabolism: where centre and periphery meet.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- The Downregulation of the Liver Lipid Metabolism Induced by Hypothyroidism in Male Mice: Metabolic Flexibility Favors Compensatory Mechanisms in White Adipose Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Obesity affects brain cortex gene expression in an APOE genotype and sex dependent manner.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Impact of high-fat diet on cognitive behavior and central and systemic inflammation with aging and sex differences in mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Maternal dietary fat during lactation shapes single nucleus transcriptomic profile of postnatal offspring hypothalamus in a sexually dimorphic manner in mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Neuron stress-related genes serve as new biomarkers in hypothalamic tissue following high fat diet.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Adipocyte- and Monocyte-Mediated Vicious Circle of Inflammation and Obesity (Review of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023 · on this mapReview
- Reduction of oxytocin-containing neurons and enhanced glymphatic activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Subclinical Reactive Hypoglycemia with Low Glucose Effectiveness-Why We Cannot Stop Snacking despite Gaining Weight.Metabolites · 2023Review
- [Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Brainstem astrocytes control homeostatic regulation of caloric intake.The Journal of physiology · 2023Article
- Adipose tissue, systematic inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Findings from rodent and human studies show that the presence of inflammatory factors is positively correlated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity-associated inflammatory responses take place not only in the periphery but also in the brain. The hypothalamus contains a range of resident glial cells including microglia, macrophages and astrocytes, which are embedded in highly heterogenic groups of neurons that control metabolic homeostasis. This complex neural-glia network can receive information directly from blood-borne factors, positioning it as a metabolic sensor. Following hypercaloric challenge, mediobasal hypothalamic microglia and astrocytes enter a reactive state, which persists during diet-induced obesity. In established mouse models of diet-induced obesity, the hypothalamic vasculature displays angiogenic alterations. Moreover, proopiomelanocortin neurons, which regulate food intake and energy expenditure, are impaired in the arcuate nucleus, where there is an increase in local inflammatory signals. The sum total of these events is a hypothalamic innate immune reactivity, which includes temporal and spatial changes to each cell population. Although the exact role of each participant of the neural-glial-vascular network is still under exploration, therapeutic targets for treating obesity should probably be linked to individual cell types and their specific signalling pathways to address each dysfunction with cell-selective compounds.
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Registered trials
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