ReviewEuropean journal of pharmacology2015
Animal models of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in European journal of pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
179 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 360 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Sphingosine 1-phosphate Modulators on Central Remyelination: A Systematic Review of Animal Models.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular Mechanism Operating in Animal Models of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: A Systematic Review Focusing on Bladder Dysfunction of Neurogenic Origin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabidiol in Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Neural Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for CNS Repair and Translational Hurdles.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Review
- EPR-based Assessment of Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent Retention and Gadolinium Transchelation in Inflamed Murine Brain.Investigative radiology · 2026Article
- Single-cell Transcriptomics in Autoimmune Diseases: Mechanistic Insights, Cross-disease Convergence, and Translational Challenges in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Type 1 Diabetes, and Multiple Sclerosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Decoding the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-JAK/STAT signaling axis in multiple sclerosis: mechanistic crosstalk and therapeutic opportunities.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Viral associations in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Clinical, immunohistochemical, and pathological assessment of a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by a eukaryotic RpfE-MOGMolecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Insights and challenges on animal models for progressive multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The association between virus-induced spinal cord pathology and the genetic background of the host.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Animal models of multiple sclerosis: applications and future directions in disease research.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Early Reduction in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Synaptic Mitochondria Contribute to Synaptic Pathology in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Higher dietary choline and betaine intakes are associated with lower likelihood of central nervous system demyelination in Australian women.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Proinsulin-Loaded Nanoparticles Suppress Insulitis and Induce Temporary Diabetes Remission.Cells · 2026Article
- Broad-spectrum antiviral brincidofovir inhibits Epstein-Barr virus and related gammaherpesvirus in human and nonhuman primate cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Bioactive Phytochemicals in Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Translational Potential.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Antigen-Specific Inverse Vaccination Strategies Using Particle Systems for Multiple Sclerosis.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which involves a complex interaction between immune system and neural cells. Animal modeling has been critical for addressing MS pathogenesis. The three most characterized animal models of MS are (1) the experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE); (2) the virally-induced chronic demyelinating disease, known as Theiler׳s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection and (3) the toxin-induced demyelination. All these models, in a complementary way, have allowed to reach a good knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS. Specifically, EAE is the model which better reflects the autoimmune pathogenesis of MS and is extremely useful to study potential experimental treatments. Furthermore, both TMEV and toxin-induced demyelination models are suitable for characterizing the role of the axonal injury/repair and the remyelination process in MS. In conclusion, animal models, despite their limitations, remain the most useful instrument for implementing the study of MS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.