ArticlePLoS computational biology2015
Hedging your bets: intermediate movements as optimal behavior in the context of an incomplete decision.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploiting prior knowledge in continuous decision-making under uncertainty: the case of tennis experts.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Crosstalk Between Auditory and Visual information in Motor Learning and Savings.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Rapid Motor Inhibition as a Mechanism to Prevent Outdated Movements.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- From static to dynamic: how object rotation influences grasp decisions in ambiguous settings.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Disentangling decision uncertainty and motor noise in curved movement trajectories.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Uncertainty Shapes Neural Dynamics in Motor Cortex During Reaching.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mental graphs structure the storage and retrieval of visuomotor associations.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Limited Evidence to Review-Is There an Association Between Cognition and Upper Extremity Motor Reaction Time in Older Adults?NeuroSci · 2025Review
- Online Movements Reflect Ongoing Deliberation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cerebellar reaching ataxia is exacerbated by timing demands and assistive interaction torques.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Rapid, systematic updating of movement by accumulated decision evidence.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The role of explicit knowledge in compensating for a visuo-proprioceptive cue conflict.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Rapid, systematic updating of movement by accumulated decision evidence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Continuous evaluation of cost-to-go for flexible reaching control and online decisions.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Deciding While Acting-Mid-Movement Decisions Are More Strongly Affected by Action Probability than Reward Amount.eNeuro · 2023Article
- Article
- A neurocomputational theory of action regulation predicts motor behavior in neurotypical individuals and patients with Parkinson's disease.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Age-related increases in reaction time result from slower preparation, not delayed initiation.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Dissociable use-dependent processes for volitional goal-directed reaching.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Anticipatory action planning for stepping onto competing potential targets.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Existing theories of movement planning suggest that it takes time to select and prepare the actions required to achieve a given goal. These theories often appeal to circumstances where planning apparently goes awry. For instance, if reaction times are forced to be very low, movement trajectories are often directed between two potential targets. These intermediate movements are generally interpreted as errors of movement planning, arising either from planning being incomplete or from parallel movement plans interfering with one another. Here we present an alternative view: that intermediate movements reflect uncertainty about movement goals. We show how intermediate movements are predicted by an optimal feedback control model that incorporates an ongoing decision about movement goals. According to this view, intermediate movements reflect an exploitation of compatibility between goals. Consequently, reducing the compatibility between goals should reduce the incidence of intermediate movements. In human subjects, we varied the compatibility between potential movement goals in two distinct ways: by varying the spatial separation between targets and by introducing a virtual barrier constraining trajectories to the target and penalizing intermediate movements. In both cases we found that decreasing goal compatibility led to a decreasing incidence of intermediate movements. Our results and theory suggest a more integrated view of decision-making and movement planning in which the primary bottleneck to generating a movement is deciding upon task goals. Determining how to move to achieve a given goal is rapid and automatic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.