ReviewOpen heart
β-Blockers in hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and acute myocardial infarction: a review of the literature.
Review in Open heart. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nebivolol versus Carvedilol or Metoprolol in Patients Presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Left Ventricular Dysfunction.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science CentreTrial
- Chronic β-Blockade and Systemic Homeostasis: Molecular Integration of Cardiorenal and Immune Pathways, a Narrative Review.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Stress hyperglycemia ratio and mortality in critically ill patients with heart failure: a retrospective cohort study from the MIMIC-IV database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Review
- The 10 top prescribed medicines in Germany from 1985 to 2022: pharmacological analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Cardiomodulatory Effects of Cardiometabolic and Antihyperglycemic Medications: The Roles of Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2025Review
- The impact of β-blockers on outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in advanced lung cancer: a multicenter real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Role of β-blockers in Preventing Heart Failure and Major Adverse Cardiac Events Post Myocardial Infarction.Current cardiology reviews · 2023Review
- Angina in 2022: Current Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- GRK2 in cardiovascular disease and its potential as a therapeutic target.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2022Review
- Concomitant medications, functional foods, and supplements: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022.Obesity pillars · 2022Article
- An Update on the Use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Beta-Blocker Drug Analysis as a Selective Separation Method in Biological and Environmental Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Adrenergic-Angiogenic Crosstalk in Head and Neck Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Frontiers in oral health · 2021Article
- Awareness and Knowledge Among Internal Medicine House-Staff for Dose Adjustment of Cardiovascular Drugs in Chronic Kidney Disease.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2021Article
- Article
- Effect of Low-Dose Nebivolol in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multi-Center Observational Study.Chonnam medical journal · 2020Article
- Social, demographic, and economic correlates of food and chemical consumption measured by wastewater-based epidemiology.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- G protein-coupled receptor kinases as therapeutic targets in the heart.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2019Review
- Beta-blocker choice and exchangeability in patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an Italian register-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
β-Blockers (BBs) are an essential class of cardiovascular medications for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, a large body of data indicates that BBs should not be used as first-line therapy for hypertension (HTN). Additionally, new data have questioned the role of BBs in the treatment of stable coronary heart disease (CHD). However, these trials mainly tested the non-vasodilating β1 selective BBs (atenolol and metoprolol) which are still the most commonly prescribed BBs in the USA. Newer generation BBs, such as the vasodilating BBs carvedilol and nebivolol, have been shown not only to be better tolerated than non-vasodilating BBs, but also these agents do not increase the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM), atherogenic dyslipidaemia or weight gain. Moreover, carvedilol has the most evidence for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with HF and those who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This review discusses the cornerstone clinical trials that have tested BBs in the settings of HTN, HF and AMI. Large randomised trials in the settings of HTN, DM and stable CHD are still needed to establish the role of BBs in these diseases, as well as to determine whether vasodilating BBs are exempt from the disadvantages of non-vasodilating BBs.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.