Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25821448›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2015

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an effective alternative approach to control fungal infections.

Ludmila M Baltazar, Anjana Ray, Daniel A Santos, Patrícia S Cisalpino, Adam J Friedman, Joshua D Nosanchuk

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis and therapeutic advances ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Photodynamic Inactivation ofBiomacromolecules · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Investigation on the in vitro anti-Trichophyton activity of photosensitizers.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2022
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ludmila M BaltazarDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
Anjana RayDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
Daniel A SantosDepartamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Patrícia S CisalpinoDepartamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Adam J FriedmanDivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
Joshua D NosanchukDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Skin mycoses are caused mainly by dermatophytes, which are fungal species that primarily infect areas rich in keratin such as hair, nails, and skin. Significantly, there are increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance among dermatophytes, especially for Trichophyton rubrum, the most frequent etiologic agent worldwide. Hence, investigators have been developing new therapeutic approaches, including photodynamic treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a photosensitive substance activated by a light source of a specific wavelength. The photoactivation induces cascades of photochemicals and photobiological events that cause irreversible changes in the exposed cells. Although photodynamic approaches are well established experimentally for the treatment of certain cutaneous infections, there is limited information about its mechanism of action for specific pathogens as well as the risks to healthy tissues. In this work, we have conducted a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of PDT as it specifically applies to fungal diseases. The data to date suggests that photodynamic treatment approaches hold great promise for combating certain fungal pathogens, particularly dermatophytes.

Indexed as

fungal cellslight sourcephotochemicals and photobiological eventsphotodynamic inhibitionphotosensitizertreatment

Identifiers

PMID25821448
PMCPMC4358220

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.