Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25821350›Full record

ArticleCritical public health

Snack food advertising in stores around public schools in Guatemala.

Violeta Chacon, Paola Letona, Eduardo Villamor, Joaquin Barnoya

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Critical public health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  18. Nutrition status of children in Latin America.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2017
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Violeta ChaconDepartment of Research, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Paola LetonaDepartment of Research, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Eduardo VillamorDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Joaquin BarnoyaDepartment of Research, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. ; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Funding

Multilevel & Lifecourse Approaches to NCD Prevention in Latin AmericaD43TW009315 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI DIEZ ROUX, ANA VICTORIA, VILLAMOR, EDUARDO · 2012 to 2016
$1.1M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW009315
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obesity in school-age children is emerging as a public heath concern. Food marketing influences preferences and increases children's requests for food. This study sought to describe the type of snack foods advertised to children in stores in and around public schools and assess if there is an association between child-oriented snack food advertising and proximity to schools. All food stores located inside and within a 200 square meter radius from two preschools and two primary schools were surveyed. We assessed store type, number and type of snack food advertisements including those child-oriented inside and outside stores. We surveyed 55 stores and found 321 snack food advertisements. Most were on sweetened beverages (37%) and soft drinks (30%). Ninety-two (29%) were child-oriented. Atoles (100.0%), cereals (94.1%), and ice cream and frozen desserts (71.4%) had the greatest proportion of child-oriented advertising. We found more child-oriented advertisements in stores that were closer (<170 m) to schools compared to those farther away. In conclusion, the food industry is flooding the market, taking advantage of the lack of strict regulation in Guatemala. Child-oriented advertisements are available in almost all stores within a short walking distance from schools, exposing children to an obesogenic environment.

Indexed as

childrenfood industrymarketing

Identifiers

PMID25821350
PMCPMC4371742

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.