ArticleScientific reports2015
Specificity of hemodynamic brain responses to painful stimuli: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05004766 (Effects of Virtual Reality Application on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Virtual Reality Application on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn Patients : Pilot Study
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain-based measures of nociception during general anesthesia with remifentanil: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2022Trial
- Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess Central Pain Responses in a Nonpharmacologic Treatment Trial of Osteoarthritis.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging · 2020Trial
- Feasibility and efficacy of remotely supervised cranial electrical stimulation for pain in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled pilot study.Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2020Trial
- Contralateral cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation changes in patients undergoing thoracotomy with general anesthesia with or without paravertebral block: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of anesthesia · 2017Trial
- High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation enhances exercise-induced hypoalgesia in patients with chronic low back pain.iScience · 2026Article
- Connectivity-Based Pain Recognition from fNIRS: Parsimonious Subject-Independent Classification.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality-Based Pain Modulation in Subacute Musculoskeletal Injury: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Neural and Behavioral Correlates.JMIR serious games · 2026Article
- Neural and psychophysical predictors of treatment response to transcranial direct current stimulation and mindfulness-based meditation for knee osteoarthritis pain.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Advancing pain assessment in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for investigating brain activity.British journal of pain · 2026Article
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy short-channel regression improves cortical activation estimates of working memory load.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Cerebral Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Electrical Cardiometry During Endotracheal Suction in Ventilated Infants Following Surgery: A Feasibility Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prefrontal Cortical Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Acute Pain Assessment in Infants: A Feasibility Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamic alterations in cortical activation during motor adaptation in table tennis using whole‑brain fNIRS.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cortical activity during painful and non-painful stimulation over four lower limb body sites: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of pressure-induced pain in patients with disorders of consciousness based on functional near infrared spectroscopy.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Explainable fNIRS-based pain decoding under pharmacological conditions via deep transfer learning approach.Neurophotonics · 2024Article
- Article
- Low frequency oscillations reflect neurovascular coupling and disappear after cerebral death.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Multilevel Pain Assessment with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Evaluating ΔSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Machines, mathematics, and modules: the potential to provide real-time metrics for pain under anesthesia.Neurophotonics · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Assessing pain in individuals not able to communicate (e.g. infants, under surgery, or following stroke) is difficult due to the lack of non-verbal objective measures of pain. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) being a portable, non-invasive and inexpensive method of monitoring cerebral hemodynamic activity has the potential to provide such a measure. Here we used functional NIRS to evaluate brain activation to an innocuous and a noxious electrical stimulus on healthy human subjects (n = 11). For both innocuous and noxious stimuli, we observed a signal change in the primary somatosensory cortex contralateral to the stimulus. The painful and non-painful stimuli can be differentiated based on their signal size and profile. We also observed that repetitive noxious stimuli resulted in adaptation of the signal. Furthermore, the signal was distinguishable from a skin sympathetic response to pain that tended to mask it. Our results support the notion that functional NIRS has a potential utility as an objective measure of pain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.