ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
Neurological Manifestations in Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1)-Infected Individuals Without HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 andFrontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Targeted Interventions in HAM/TSP: Emerging Therapies and Future Directions - A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Observational
- Expanding the neurological spectrum of HTLV-1 beyond HAM/TSP: a contemporary perspective.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Review
- Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of HTLV-1: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Endemic and Nonendemic Regions.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Untangling the causes of geographical disparities in the clinical outcome of HTLV-1 infection: a critical perspective on the contribution of viral genetic diversity.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1.Viruses · 2024Review
- Neurological aspects of HTLV-1 infection: symptoms in apparently asymptomatic carriers.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Observational
- High HTLV-1 Proviral Load Predates and Predicts HTLV-1-Associated Disease: Literature Review and the London Experience.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM) Incidence in Asymptomatic Carriers and Intermediate Syndrome (IS) Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact and economic analysis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-targeted antenatal screening, England and Wales, 2021.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Beyond pathogens: the intriguing genetic legacy of endogenous retroviruses in host physiology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Incidence of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in the UK from 1991 to 2024: a longitudinal observational cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Patient research priority setting partnership in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Article
- HTLV-1 Proviral Load in Vaginal Fluid Correlates with Levels in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Elderly people with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated myelopathy present an early impairment in cognitive skills.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Impaired flexibility in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-associated myelopathy: evaluation via pendulum fleximeter.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Research on HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last ten years.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Systemic cytokines and GlycA discriminate disease status and predict corticosteroid response in HTLV-1-associated neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Refining the risk of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in people living with HTLV-1: identification of a HAM-like phenotype in a proportion of asymptomatic carriers.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), observed in up to 5% of infected individuals. Despite low prevalence, many HTLV-1-infected patients who do not fulfill criteria for HAM/TSP present with neurological complaints related to sensory, motor, urinary, or autonomic manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neurologic manifestations and risk factors associated with these outcomes.
methodsThe incidence of HAM/TSP and new signs and neurologic symptoms were computed in a group of patients enrolled in a cohort study.
resultsOf 414 subjects, 76 had definite HAM/TSP, 87 had possible or probable HAM/TSP, and 251 subjects had no neurologic manifestation and were selected for analysis. Definite HAM/TSP developed in 5 (1.47%) patients. Follow-up of at least 3 years was achieved in 51% of patients. The incidence rate was computed in 1000 person-years (206 for hand numbness, 187 for feet numbness, 130 for nocturia, and 127 for urgency). Average incidence rate in neurological exam was 76 for leg hyperreflexia, 53 for leg weakness, and 37 for Babinski sign. In the applied Expanded Disability Status Scale, the incidence rate of worsening 1 point was 134 per 1000 person-years. Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by sex and proviral load showed that females and patients with proviral load >50,000 copies/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells had a higher risk of progression.
conclusionsDevelopment of neurological symptoms or signs occurred in up to 30% of asymptomatic subjects during 8 years of follow-up.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.