ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2015
The effect of menopause on the innate antiviral activity of cervicovaginal lavage.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A phase I study to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a vaginal insert containing tenofovir alafenamide and elvitegravir.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Trial
- Impact of Topical Interventions on the Vaginal Microbiota and Metabolome in Postmenopausal Women: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Association between postmenopausal vulvovaginal discomfort, vaginal microbiota, and mucosal inflammation.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2021Trial
- Phase 2a Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Acceptability of Dapivirine Vaginal Rings in US Postmenopausal Women.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Comparison of Follicular and Luteal Phase Mucosal Markers of HIV Susceptibility in Healthy Women.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2016Trial
- Mucosal Dynamics Contributing to Innate Immune Responses to HIV in the Human Female Genital Tract.Viruses · 2026Review
- Aging Is Associated With Decreased Lactobacillus and Increased Cervicovaginal Inflammation in Canadian Women.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- Increases in the susceptibility of human endometrial CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- NET-EN treatment leads to delayed HSV-2 infection, enhanced mucin and T cell functions in the female genital tract when compared to DMPA in a preclinical mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Women for science and science for women: Gaps, challenges and opportunities towards optimizing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The impact of aging on innate and adaptive immunity in the human female genital tract.Aging cell · 2021Review
- HIV Pathogenesis in the Human Female Reproductive Tract.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Dysregulation in Genital Tract Soluble Immune Mediators in Postmenopausal Women Is Distinct by HIV Status.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2019Observational
- Impact of reproductive aging on the vaginal microbiome and soluble immune mediators in women living with and at-risk for HIV infection.PloS one · 2019Article
- The relationship between sex hormones, the vaginal microbiome and immunity in HIV-1 susceptibility in women.Disease models & mechanisms · 2018Review
- Differences in Local and Systemic TFV PK Among Premenopausal Versus Postmenopausal Women Exposed to TFV 1% Vaginal Gel.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- The role of menopause in tenofovir diphosphate and emtricitabine triphosphate concentrations in cervical tissue.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Low-level genital HIV shedding in Thai HIV-infected women with suppressed plasma viral load after menopause: a longitudinal study.Journal of virus eradication · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveReproductive hormones are known to impact innate mucosal immune function of the lower genital tract. Our objectives were to determine the effect of hormonal status on intrinsic antiviral (herpes simplex virus [HSV]-1, HSV-2, and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-1) activity of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL). STUDY
designCVL was collected from 165 asymptomatic women including postmenopausal women (n = 29); women not on contraception in days 1-14 (n = 26) or days 15-28 (n = 27) of the menstrual cycle; and women using the levonorgestrel intrauterine device (n = 28), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 28), or combined oral contraceptives (n = 27). The anti-HSV-1/-2 and the anti-HIV-1 activity of the CVL were measured using plaque assays and the Jurkat-Tat-CCR5 assay, respectively.
resultsCVL from all of the groups had modest antiviral activity. Anti-HIV-1 activity was decreased in CVL from postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women (11% vs 34%, P = .002). However, there was no difference in anti-HIV-1 activity among premenopausal women regardless of phase of menstrual cycle or contraceptive use. Anti-HIV-1 activity was associated with the protein content of the CVL (r = 0.44, P < .001). There was no difference in anti-HSV-1 or -2 activity by hormonal group.
conclusionMenopause is associated with decreased innate HIV-1 activity in the lower genital tract, suggesting that factors in the vaginal fluid could play a role in increased susceptibility of HIV-1 infection in postmenopausal women. Hormonal contraceptive use, menopause, and phase of menstrual cycle did not have a measurable impact on the intrinsic anti-HSV-1 or -2 activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.