ArticleAntiviral research2015
Antiviral activity of theaflavin digallate against herpes simplex virus type 1.
Article in Antiviral research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Screening of Theaflavins That Inhibit Proliferation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Through Metabolomics Approaches.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Diverse Structures of Tea Polyphenols from Rougui Wuyi Rock Tea and Their Potential as Inhibitor of 3C-like Protease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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- Construction of recombinant fluorescent LSDV for high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs.Veterinary research · 2024Article
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- Anti-HSV-1 agents: an update.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- A systematic review of tea pigments: Prevention of major diseases, protection of organs, and potential mechanisms and applications.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Design and Evaluation of Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Phenols or Polyphenols as P2 Ligands with High Activity against DRV-Resistant HIV-1 Variants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Composition of naturally occurring compounds decreases activity of Omicron and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp complex.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2022Article
- Optimization of enzymatic synthesis of theaflavins from potato polyphenol oxidase.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2022Article
- Antibacterial and Sporicidal Activity Evaluation of Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Molecular docking, validation, dynamics simulations, and pharmacokinetic prediction of natural compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 main-protease.Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2022Article
- Tea crude extracts effectively inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Letters in applied microbiology · 2022Article
- Plant-Based Natural Products and Extracts: Potential Source to Develop New Antiviral Drug Candidates.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Antiviral activity of green tea and black tea polyphenols in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19: A review.Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 2021Review
- Phytochemicals from Plant Foods as Potential Source of Antiviral Agents: An Overview.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A Review on the Biological Activity ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tea is the second most consumed drink in the world. The beneficial effects of tea have been mostly attributed to its catechin content. Black tea is derived from the leaves of Camellia sinensis plant, and it is rich in theaflavin polyphenols, in particular theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-monogallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3'-monogallate (TF2B), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3). Vero and A549 cells were used to evaluate the effect of purified individual black tea theaflavins as anti-herpes simplex virus 1 agents. With the rise of HSV resistant strains, there is a critical need to develop novel antiherpesviral treatments. Results of the cytotoxicity assay tested by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] showed that TF1, TF2, and TF3 are not toxic to Vero and A549 cells at a concentration up to 75 μM. The antiviral activity of the individual theaflavins was tested by plaque reduction assay, MTS assay, flow cytometric analysis and confocal microscopy observations. The results showed that TF1, TF2, and TF3 exhibit potent, dose-dependent anti-HSV-1 effect, with TF3 being the most efficient in both Vero and A549 cells. A concentration of 50 μM TF3 and above was sufficient to inhibit >99% of the production of HSV-1 viral particles. The anti-HSV-1 effect of TF3 is due to a direct effect on the virions, and treating Vero or A549 cells with TF3 for 1h prior to infection, or treating the cells at different times post infection does not inhibit HSV-1 production. TF3 is stable at vaginal pH, indicating its potential to be a promising natural and affordable remedy against herpes simplex viral infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.