ReviewVirology2015
APOBECs and virus restriction.
Review in Virology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 381 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
381 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Disrupting Mechanisms that Regulate Genomic Repeat Elements to Combat Cancer and Drug Resistance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Pooled it
- Mechanisms of HIV-1 assembly, release and maturation.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Deconvolution of HIV-1 Mutational Signatures Reveals Dominant and Donor-Specific APOBEC3-Associated Mutagenesis Across Anatomical Compartments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immune Evasion by Neurotropic Viruses: Molecular Strategies, Cellular Targets, and Consequences for CNS Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Structure of full-length APOBEC3B bound to EBV BORF2 reveals coordinated neutralization of a cancer-associated mutator.Research square · 2026Article
- Article
- The structural mechanism of HIV-2 Vif antagonism of human APOBEC3H.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Collapsing retroviruses for efficient delivery of viro-toxic cargoes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Full-length structure of the anti-viral and pro-tumor DNA deaminase APOBEC3B.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- APOBEC3A is the predominant global editor of cytosines in human mRNAs and in single-strand RNA viruses.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 virus infection ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A viral APOBEC3 antagonist distinguishes HHV-6A from HHV-6B.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Exon Targeted Retrieval and Classification Toolbox (ExTRaCT): a gene search pipeline to find APOBEC3 Z-domains in novel bat genomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 R-loops are targets for APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Analysis of the APOBEC3 footprint across the Anelloviridae family.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Article
- A Viral Protein Antagonist for Both AID and APOBEC3.Viruses · 2026Review
- HAMMER: hairpin-based APOBEC3A-mediated mRNA editing reporter.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Retroviral Remnants in the Human Genome: Classification, Integration and Regulation.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
321 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The APOBEC family of single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminases comprises a formidable arm of the vertebrate innate immune system. Pre-vertebrates express a single APOBEC, whereas some mammals produce as many as 11 enzymes. The APOBEC3 subfamily displays both copy number variation and polymorphisms, consistent with ongoing pathogenic pressures. These enzymes restrict the replication of many DNA-based parasites, such as exogenous viruses and endogenous transposable elements. APOBEC1 and activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) have specialized functions in RNA editing and antibody gene diversification, respectively, whereas APOBEC2 and APOBEC4 appear to have different functions. Nevertheless, the APOBEC family protects against both periodic viral zoonoses as well as exogenous and endogenous parasite replication. This review highlights viral pathogens that are restricted by APOBEC enzymes, but manage to escape through unique mechanisms. The sensitivity of viruses that lack counterdefense measures highlights the need to develop APOBEC-enabling small molecules as a new class of anti-viral drugs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.