ReviewAtherosclerosis2015
Genetics of cardiovascular disease: Importance of sex and ethnicity.
Review in Atherosclerosis, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Pooled it
- Reporting of sex as a variable in cardiovascular studies using cultured cells: A systematic review.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020Pooled it
- No Association of Coronary Artery Disease with X-Chromosomal Variants in Comprehensive International Meta-Analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Sex-Specific Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation and Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Unveiling sex dimorphism in the healthy cardiac anatomy: Fundamental differences between male and female heart shapes.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Multi-trait GWAS reveals divergent local and polygenic architecture of cardiovascular traits across African and European ancestries in the UK Biobank.Communications biology · 2026Article
- National Mortality Trends, Disparities, and Forecasted Burden of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure with Underlying Ischemic Heart Disease Among Older Adults in the United States, 1999-2023.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Racial and sex differences in acute pericarditis among emergency department chest pain patients: a retrospective cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- The gut-heart axis in coronary artery disease: a scoping and narrative review of sex-based microbial and metabolic disparities.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Case Report Series: Genetic and clinical characterization of long QT syndrome in admixed Ecuadorian patients and its implications for sudden cardiac death risk.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Toward Precision Medicine in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from Omics Data into Sex Differences.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Guideline for Chronic Coronary Syndrome - 2025.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Polish Military Personnel: A Chemometric Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Observational
- Genetic Insights Into Coronary Microvascular Disease.Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) · 2025Review
- Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Based on the Quantity of Major Risk Factors According to the Isfahan Cohort Study.International journal of hypertension · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases: Exploring the Role of Microbiota and Immunity.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Age-specific heterogeneity of genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular disease might have opposite outcomes depending on the presence of prediabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Sex in cardiovascular disease: Why this biological variable should be considered in in vitro models.Science advances · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Asian Americans: Perspectives on the Role of Acculturation in Cardiovascular Diseases Health Disparities.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sex differences in incidence and prevalence of and morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease are well documented. However, many studies examining the genetic basis for cardiovascular disease fail to consider sex as a variable in the study design, in part, because there is an inherent difficulty in studying the contribution of the sex chromosomes in women due to X chromosome inactivation. This paper will provide general background on the X and Y chromosomes (including gene content, the pseudoautosomal regions, and X chromosome inactivation), discuss how sex chromosomes have been ignored in Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) of cardiovascular diseases, and discuss genetics influencing development of cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis with particular attention to carotid intima-medial thickness, and coronary arterial calcification based on sex-specific studies. In addition, a brief discussion of how ethnicity and hormonal status act as confounding variables in sex-based analysis will be considered along with methods for statistical analysis to account for sex in cardiovascular disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.