ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2015
Rapid and Persistent Delivery of Antigen by Lymph Node Targeting PRINT Nanoparticle Vaccine Carrier To Promote Humoral Immunity.
Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Smart Nanomaterials and Natural Biologics for Innate-Adaptive Immune Reprogramming: A Nanobiotechnology Framework for Translational Medicine.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Rewiring the immune circuit: programming tumor-draining lymph node immunity with nanotechnology.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity ofVaccines · 2026Article
- Engineered Polylactic Acid (PLA) Microcapsules for Spatiotemporally Coupled Delivery and Synergistically Enhanced Dual Immunity.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Polysaccharide Adjuvants as Innate Immune Trainers: Bridging Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) Activation and Metabolic Reprogramming for Synthetic Vaccine Design.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Application of nanomedicines in tumor immunotherapy.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Engineering Nanoparticles to Modulate Extracellular Matrix and Immune Components of the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
- Advancements in Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants for Enhanced Tuberculosis Vaccination: A Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Intra-lymph node crosslinking of antigen-bearing polymers enhances humoral immunity and dendritic cell activation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
- Biomaterial engineering strategies for B cell immunity modulations.Biomaterials science · 2024Review
- Therapeutic synthetic and natural materials for immunoengineering.Chemical Society reviews · 2024Review
- Design and Evaluation of Synthetic Delivery Formulations for Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines.BME frontiers · 2024Article
- Advances in virus-like particle-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- A nanoparticle vaccine displaying varicella-zoster virus gE antigen induces a superior cellular immune response than a licensed vaccine in mice and non-human primates.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Detachable-dissolvable-microneedle as a potent subunit vaccine delivery device that requires no cold-chain.Vaccine: X · 2023Article
- Targeting lymph node delivery with nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy: recent advances and future directions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- A Retrospective Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacokinetics from Administration of Long-Acting Aqueous Suspensions.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Application of Nano-Delivery Systems in Lymph Nodes for Tumor Immunotherapy.Nano-micro letters · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery of subunit vaccines may increase vaccine efficacy, leading to a wide variety of safe and effective vaccines beyond those available through dosing inactivated or live, attenuated whole pathogens. Here we present a versatile vaccine delivery platform based on PRINT hydrogels made of biocompatible hydroxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) that is able to activate the complement system by the alternative pathway. These lymph node targeting nanoparticles (NPs) promote the immunogenicity of a model antigen, ovalbumin, showing comparable adjuvant effect to alum. We demonstrate that an antigen-specific humoral response is correlated with antigen delivery to the draining lymph nodes, in particular, B cell rich regions of the lymph nodes. 80 × 180 nm cylindrical NPs were able to sustain prolonged antigen presentation to antigen presenting cells (APCs) and elicit a stronger immune response than nondraining 1 × 1 μm NPs or rapidly clearing soluble antigen. The 80 × 180 nm NPs also show high levels of uptake by key APCs and efficiently stimulate CD4(+) helper T cell proliferation in vivo, further promoting antibody production. These features together produce a significant humoral immune response, superior to that produced by free antigen alone. The simplicity of the chemistries used in antigen conjugation to PRINT NPs confers versatility to this antigen delivery platform, allowing for potential application to many infectious diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.