Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25816342›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2015

Effects of source- versus household contamination of tubewell water on child diarrhea in rural Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial.

Ayse Ercumen, Abu Mohd Naser, Leanne Unicomb, Benjamin F Arnold, John M Colford, Stephen P Luby

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 45 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01350063 nacompletednot on this map

Health Impact of Treating and Safely Storing Shallow Tubewell Drinking Water

TypeinterventionalSponsorInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, BangladeshRan2011 to 2012Enrolled1,800ConditionsDiarrhoeal DiseaseArmsSodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablet (Aquatab), Water storage container (Jerry can), No intervention
NCT02396407 nacompletednot on this map

Spillover Effects of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions on Child Health

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, BerkeleyRan2015 to 2016Enrolled1,789ConditionsHelminthiasis, Diarrhea, Respiratory InfectionArmsCombined water, sanitation, and hygiene
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ayse ErcumenDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Abu Mohd NaserCentre for Communicable Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Leanne UnicombCentre for Communicable Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Benjamin F ArnoldDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
John M ColfordDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Stephen P LubyCentre for Communicable Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
University of California, Berkeley · USInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research · BDStanford University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundShallow tubewells are the primary drinking water source for most rural Bangladeshis. Fecal contamination has been detected in tubewells, at low concentrations at the source and at higher levels at the point of use. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess whether improving the microbiological quality of tubewell drinking water by household water treatment and safe storage would reduce diarrhea in children <2 years in rural Bangladesh.

methodsWe randomly assigned 1800 households with a child aged 6-18 months (index child) into one of three arms: chlorine plus safe storage, safe storage and control. We followed households with monthly visits for one year to promote the interventions, track their uptake, test participants' source and stored water for fecal contamination, and record caregiver-reported child diarrhea prevalence (primary outcome). To assess reporting bias, we also collected data on health outcomes that are not expected to be impacted by our interventions.

findingsBoth interventions had high uptake. Safe storage, alone or combined with chlorination, reduced heavy contamination of stored water. Compared to controls, diarrhea in index children was reduced by 36% in the chlorine plus safe storage arm (prevalence ratio, PR = 0.64, 0.55-0.73) and 31% in the safe storage arm (PR = 0.69, 0.60-0.80), with no difference between the two intervention arms. One limitation of the study was the non-blinded design with self-reported outcomes. However, the prevalence of health outcomes not expected to be impacted by water interventions did not differ between study arms, suggesting minimal reporting bias.

conclusionsSafe storage significantly improved drinking water quality at the point of use and reduced child diarrhea in rural Bangladesh. There was no added benefit from combining safe storage with chlorination. Efforts should be undertaken to implement and evaluate long-term efforts for safe water storage in Bangladesh.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01350063.

Indexed as

BangladeshDiarrhea, InfantileDrinking WaterHalogenationHumansInfantRural PopulationWater PurificationWater QualityWater WellsDrinking Water

Identifiers

PMID25816342
PMCPMC4376788
OpenAlexW2045604909

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC0
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.