ArticlePloS one2015
Direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes in singapore.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07252700 (Preventing Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Preventing Diabetes: Impact of an EMR-Based Intervention for Enhanced Pre-Diabetes Management in Primary Care
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- A time to revisit the two oldest prandial anti-diabetes agents: acarbose and repaglinide.Endocrine · 2020Trial
- Fasting plasma glucose and lipid profiles of diabetic patients improve with aerobic exercise training.Ghana medical journal · 2017Trial
- The economic burden of type 2 diabetes on the public healthcare system in Kenya: a cost of illness study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- A Nationwide Physical Activity Intervention for 654,500 Adults in Singapore: Cost-Utility Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Epidemiology and Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Review
- The societal cost of modifiable risk factors in Singapore.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Attitudes and perceptions of people with diabetes mellitus on patient self-management in diabetes mellitus: a Singapore hospital's perspective.Singapore medical journal · 2023Article
- Economic burden of type 2 diabetes in Iran: A cost-of-illness study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- How does diabetic peripheral neuropathy impact patients' burden of illness and the economy? A retrospective study in Beijing, China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Observational
- Cost of Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Findings from a Lower-Middle Income Country.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Recognition of diabetes and sociodemographic predictors: results of a cross-sectional nationwide population-based survey in Singapore.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Health insurance status and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia.PloS one · 2022Article
- A prospective observational prevalence study of elevated HbA1c among elective surgical patients.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Characteristics of Type-2 Diabetics Who are Prone to High-Cost Medical Care Expenses by Bayesian Network.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Projected burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related complications in Singapore until 2050: a Bayesian evidence synthesis.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Article
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh: a prevalence based cost-of-illness study.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Glycaemic Control for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh - An urgent need for optimization of management plan.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Drivers of hospital expenditure and length of stay in an academic medical centre: a retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Direct medical costs for patients with type 2 diabetes in 16 tertiary hospitals in urban China: A multicenter prospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the chronic nature of diabetes along with their complications, they have been recognised as a major health issue, which results in significant economic burden. This study aims to estimate the direct medical cost associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Singapore in 2010 and to examine both the relationship between demographic and clinical state variables with the total estimated expenditure. The National Healthcare Group (NHG) Chronic Disease Management System (CDMS) database was used to identify patients with T2DM in the year 2010. DM-attributable costs estimated included hospitalisations, accident and emergency (A&E) room visits, outpatient physician visits, medications, laboratory tests and allied health services. All charges and unit costs were provided by the NHG. A total of 500 patients with DM were identified for the analyses. The mean annual direct medical cost was found to be $2,034, of which 61% was accounted for by inpatient services, 35% by outpatient services, and 4% by A&E services. Independent determinants of total costs were DM treatments such as the use of insulin only (p<0.001) and the combination of both oral medications and insulin (p=0.047) as well as having complications such as cerebrovascular disease (p<0.001), cardiovascular disease (p=0.002), peripheral vascular disease (p=0.001), and nephropathy (p=0.041). In this study, the cost of DM treatments and DM-related complications were found to be strong determinants of costs. This finding suggests an imperative need to address the economic burden associated with diabetes with urgency and to reorganise resources required to improve healthcare costs.
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