ReviewCytokine2015
History of interleukin-4.
Review in Cytokine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Salivary biomarkers present in patients with periodontitis without clinical distinction: findings from a meta-analysis.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2023Pooled it
- Cytokine Profile in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Leukocytes Exposed to Immunoadjuvant and Adjuvant-Free Vaccines Against Influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Soluble interleukin-13rα1: a circulating regulator of glucose.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Trial
- Type-2-Inflammatory-Diseases Share Comorbidities, Molecular Signatures, IL4/IL13 Genetics, and Response to IL4/IL13 Blockade.Allergy · 2026Article
- Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Effects and Mechanisms of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharides in Alleviating Immune Stress in Broilers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Article
- De Novo Design and Directed Evolution Refinement of Mirror-Image Protein Binders Targeting Interleukin-4.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- The Impact of Environmental Pollution and Climate Change on Allergic Rhinitis and Lung Diseases.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- Cytokines Associated with Activation of CD4International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- γδ T cell-derived IL-4 initiates CD8Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Elevated IgE Levels in Psoriasis: An Atypical Subtype with Th2 Dominance and Overlapping Features of Atopic Dermatitis.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Lung B Cell Responses in a Murine Model of Asthma.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Article
- Dupilumab opens a therapeutic window in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome by unlicensing dendritic cells.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Interleukins in community-acquired pneumonia: from biomarkers to precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Systemic immunologic effects of long-term dupilumab treatment in severe eosinophilic asthma beyond clinical outcomes.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Octenidine Dihydrochloride-Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Responses in Human Ocular Epithelial and Retinal Cells.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Biologic Therapies Targeting Type 2 Signaling in Atopic Dermatitis: A Comparative Review of Structural and Thermodynamic Differences in Mechanism of Action.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2025Review
- Assessment of Patients With Beta-Lactams Positive Provocation Tests by Biomarkers of IgG-Related Neutrophil Activation.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Article
- A Bispecific Antibody Blocking Both TSLP and IL-4Rα for the Treatment of Allergic Inflammatory Diseases.Cells · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The history of the discovery and the development of our knowledge of IL-4 exemplifies the path of progress in biomedical science. There are unanticipated twists and turns although progress is made, sometimes quickly, other times far too slowly. Illustrative is the extended time from the first report of IL-4 in 1982 to the establishment of the efficacy of blocking IL-4 and its congener IL-13 in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma and atopic dermatitis, a period of 31years. The author was "present at the creation" and has been a participant or a witness to virtually all the major advances and recounts here his recollection of this history.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.