Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25813999›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2015

Identification of a Novel Mucin Gene HCG22 Associated With Steroid-Induced Ocular Hypertension.

Shinwu Jeong, Nitin Patel, Christopher K Edlund, Jaana Hartiala, Dennis J Hazelett, Tatsuo Itakura, Pei-Chang Wu, Robert L Avery, Janet L Davis, Harry W Flynn and 14 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03250819 (Genetic Association Study on Corticosteroid-induced Elevation of the Intraocular Pressure), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03250819 completednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Genetic Association Study on Corticosteroid-induced Elevation of the Intraocular Pressure

TypeobservationalSponsorMaastricht University Medical CenterRan2017 to 2020Enrolled370ConditionsCorticosteroid Induced Ocular Hypertension/GlaucomaArmsSNP analysis
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Genome-Wide Association Study for Glucocorticoid-Induced Ocular Hypertension.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Expression and mechanism of long non-coding RNA HCG22 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2021
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. GPR158 in the Visual System: Homeostatic Role in Regulation of Intraocular Pressure.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2019
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Update on corticosteroids for diabetic macular edema.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Shinwu JeongUSC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States 2USC Eye Institute/Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California.
Nitin PatelUSC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Christopher K EdlundDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Jaana HartialaUSC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Dennis J HazelettUSC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Tatsuo ItakuraUSC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Pei-Chang WuUSC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States 5Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Robert L AveryCalifornia Retina Consultants, Santa Barbara, California, United States.
Janet L DavisBascom Palmer Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.
Harry W FlynnBascom Palmer Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.
Geeta LalwaniBascom Palmer Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.
Carmen A PuliafitoUSC Eye Institute/Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States 7Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Med.
Hussein WafapoorRetina Health Center, Fort Myers, Florida, United States.
Minako HijikataDepartment of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan.
Naoto KeichoDepartment of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan.
Xiaoyi GaoDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
Pablo ArgüesoThe Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Hooman AllayeeUSC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angele.
Gerhard A CoetzeeDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States 4USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los An.
Mathew T PletcherDepartment of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute-Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States.
David V ContiDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Stephen G SchwartzBascom Palmer Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.
Alexander M EatonRetina Health Center, Fort Myers, Florida, United States.
M Elizabeth FiniUSC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States 2USC Eye Institute/Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California.
University of Southern California · USUniversity of Miami · USJapan Anti Tuberculosis Association · JPRetina Health Center · USCalifornia Retina Consultants · USKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital · TWScripps Research Institute · USSmith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute · USUniversity of Illinois Chicago · US

Funding

USC/NORRIS COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CENTER (CORE) SUPPORTP30CA014089 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI MYLES G COCKBURN · 1985 to 2026
$181.4M
LOS ANGELES BASIN CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR031986 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BUCHANAN, THOMAS A · 2010 to 2011
$21.1M
Shared Equipment ModuleP30EY014801 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Dmitry V Ivanov · 2004 to 2026
$12.2M
Prostate Cancer Risk EnhancersR01CA136924 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI COETZEE, GERHARD A, FARNHAM, PEGGY J · 2010 to 2019
$5.4M
Mexican American Glaucoma Genetic Study (MAGGS)R01EY022651 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI GAO, XIAOYI RAYMOND · 2012 to 2016
$4.2M
TRANSITION TO THE REPAIR FIBROBLAST PHENOTYPER01EY009828 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI FINI, M ELIZABETH · 1994 to 2011
$3.7M
METALLOPROTEINASES AND FAILURE TO REEPITHELIALIZER01EY012651 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI FINI, M. ELIZABETH · 1999 to 2006
$2.5M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014089NCI NIH HHS P30-CA014089NCI NIH HHS R01 CA136924NCI NIH HHS R01-CA136924NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR031986NCRR NIH HHS UL1-RR031986NEI NIH HHS P30 EY014801NEI NIH HHS P30-EY014801NEI NIH HHS R01 EY009828NEI NIH HHS R01-EY009828NEI NIH HHS R01 EY012651NEI NIH HHS R01 EY022651NEI NIH HHS R01-EY022651
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe pathophysiology of ocular hypertension (OH) leading to primary open-angle glaucoma shares many features with a secondary form of OH caused by treatment with glucocorticoids, but also exhibits distinct differences. In this study, a pharmacogenomics approach was taken to discover candidate genes for this disorder.

methodsA genome-wide association study was performed, followed by an independent candidate gene study, using a cohort enrolled from patients treated with off-label intravitreal triamcinolone, and handling change in IOP as a quantitative trait.

resultsAn intergenic quantitative trait locus (QTL) was identified at chromosome 6p21.33 near the 5' end of HCG22 that attained the accepted statistical threshold for genome-level significance. The HCG22 transcript, encoding a novel mucin protein, was expressed in trabecular meshwork cells, and expression was stimulated by IL-1, and inhibited by triamcinolone acetate and TGF-β. Bioinformatic analysis defined the QTL as an approximately 4 kilobase (kb) linkage disequilibrium block containing 10 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four of these SNPs were identified in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GTEx eQTL browser as modifiers of HCG22 expression. Most are predicted to disrupt or improve motifs for transcription factor binding, the most relevant being disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor binding motif. A second QTL was identified within the predicted signal peptide of the HCG22 encoded protein that could affect its secretion. Translation, O-glycosylation, and secretion of the predicted HCG22 protein was verified in cultured trabecular meshwork cells.

conclusionsIdentification of two independent QTLs that could affect expression of the HCG22 mucin gene product via two different mechanisms (transcription or secretion) is highly suggestive of a role in steroid-induced OH.

Indexed as

Gene Expression RegulationAdultFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeGlucocorticoidsHumansIntraocular PressureMaleMiddle AgedMucinsOcular HypertensionRNA, MessengerTrabecular MeshworkTriamcinoloneGlucocorticoidsMucinsRNA, MessengerTriamcinolone

Identifiers

PMID25813999
PMCPMC4416661
OpenAlexW2086857319

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.