ArticleThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2015
Two Chronic Stress Models Based on Movement Restriction in Rats Respond Selectively to Antidepressant Drugs: Aldolase C As a Potential Biomarker.
Article in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validity of chronic restraint stress for modeling anhedonic-like behavior in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Pooled it
- A novel brain-to-gut communication pathway mediated by astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles modulates stress-induced intestinal inflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Fluoxetine and agomelatine mitigate anhedonic and hepatic changes in chronic restraint stress rat model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Update on the roles and applications of extracellular vesicles in depression.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Maternal stress during pregnancy alters circulating small extracellular vesicles and enhances their targeting to the placenta and fetus.Biological research · 2024Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Animal Depression Models and Antidepressant Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Adulthood effects of developmental exercise in rats.Developmental psychobiology · 2024Article
- Regulatory T cells administration reduces anxiety-like behavior in mice submitted to chronic restraint stress.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- (S)-Ketamine but Not (R)-Ketamine Shows Acute Effects on Depression-Like Behavior and Sleep-Wake Architecture in Rats.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- White Matter Changes Following Chronic Restraint Stress and Neuromodulation: A Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Young Male Rats.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Article
- Rodent models of stress and dendritic plasticity - Implications for psychopathology.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- Repeated restraint stress induced neurobehavioral and sexual hormone disorders in male rats.AIMS neuroscience · 2022Article
- Exploratory study on neurochemical effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in brains of mice.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2021Article
- Investigation of Effects of Two Chronic Stress Protocols on Depression-Like Behaviors and Brain Mineral Levels in Female Rats: an Evaluation of 7-Day Immobilization Stress.Biological trace element research · 2021Article
- Effects of Voluntary Running Wheel Exercise-Induced Extracellular Vesicles on Anxiety.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Article
- A Role for mir-26a in Stress: A Potential sEV Biomarker and Modulator of Excitatory Neurotransmission.Cells · 2020Article
- Astrocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Complexity through miR-26a-5p Activity.Cells · 2020Article
- Small Extracellular Vesicles in Rat Serum Contain Astrocyte-Derived Protein Biomarkers of Repetitive Stress.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Article
- The Antidepressant-Like Effect of Lactate in an Animal Model of Menopausal Depression.Biomedicines · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClinically depressed individuals respond to different types of antidepressants, suggesting that different neurobiological mechanisms may be responsible for their depression. However, animal models to characterize this are not yet available.
methodsWe induced depressive-like behaviors in rats using 2 different chronic stress models: restraint in small cages or immobilization in adaptable plastic cones. Both models increased anxiety responses evaluated by novelty-suppressed feeding and the elevated plus-maze; increased learned helplessness evaluated by the tail suspension and forced swimming tests; and increased anhedonia evaluated by the sucrose preference test.
resultsWe assessed the ability of 2 different types of antidepressants to ameliorate depressive-like behaviors. We administered the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine or the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine once daily for 28 days to rats that received either chronic restraint or immobilization stress, or no stress. Behavioral analysis revealed that fluoxetine ameliorated depressive-like behaviors when induced by chronic restraint stress, whereas reboxetine ameliorated these behaviors when induced by chronic immobilization stress. To further test biological differences between both models, we evaluated the levels of Aldolase C, an enzyme expressed by forebrain astrocytes that is regulated by antidepressant treatment, in the cerebrospinal fluid: chronic restraint stress, but not immobilization stress, increased the levels of Aldolase C. Moreover, the presence of astrocyte-derived Aldolase C-GFP in the cerebrospinal fluid indicates its central origin.
conclusionsTwo stress paradigms induced depressive-like behaviors that were sensitive to different antidepressant treatments. Biomarkers such as Aldolase C could help determine optimal antidepressant treatments for clinically depressed patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.