ArticlePloS one2015
T-helper1/T-helper2 cytokine imbalance in the iris of patients with glaucoma.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated dimethylarginine, ATP, cytokines, metabolic remodeling involving tryptophan metabolism and potential microglial inflammation characterize primary open angle glaucoma.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Regulation of immunological equilibrium by IL-6/STAT3 in glaucomatous irises and its effect on filtering bleb success.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Pathological Interplay of ROS With Myofibroblasts: An Impediment to Corneal Restitution.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026Review
- Aqueous humor adipokine profile of primary open angle glaucoma patients and cataract patients with or without metabolic disorders.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Intermittent fasting reduces glaucomatous damage in an HSP27 autoimmune mouse model.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Restoration of Immune Homeostasis: The Role of miR-30b-5p and Notch Signaling in Uveitis After Treatment With Longdan Xiegan Decoction.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- DAMPs Drive Fibroinflammatory Changes in the Glaucomatous ONH.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Role of T cell-induced autoimmune response in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.International ophthalmology · 2024Review
- In a novel autoimmune and high-pressure glaucoma model a complex immune response is induced.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Aqueous humor cytokine levels are associated with the severity of visual field defects in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Exosome-based crosstalk in glaucoma pathogenesis: a focus on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The occurrence of acute primary angle closure triggered, aggravated, and accelerated by COVID-19 infection: retrospective observational study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Observational
- The role of the adaptive immune system and T cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Screening of primary open-angle glaucoma diagnostic markers based on immune-related genes and immune infiltration.BMC genomic data · 2022Article
- Caffeine and Its Neuroprotective Role in Ischemic Events: A Mechanism Dependent on Adenosine Receptors.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Molecular regulation of neuroinflammation in glaucoma: Current knowledge and the ongoing search for new treatment targets.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2022Review
- Analysis of Glaucoma Associated Genes in Response to Inflammation, an Examination of a Public Data Set Derived from Peripheral Blood from Patients with Hepatitis C.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Compound Heterozygous Variants of theFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Neuroprotective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in acute glaucoma via the nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Tear Film Cytokine Profile of Patients With the Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1: Comparing Patients With and Without Glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mechanistic study of glaucoma pathogenesis has shifted to seeking to understand the effects of immune responses on retinal ganglion cell damage and protection. Cytokines mediate the biological effects of the immune system, and our previous study revealed an imbalance of T-helper (Th) 1-derived and Th2-derived cytokines in the serum of patients with glaucoma. In this study, we collected irises from normal individuals and patients with primary open-angle closure (POAG) or chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG). We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure the expression of Th1 (interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)), Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), and Th3 (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)) cytokines. We then performed immunohistochemical staining to characterize the localization of the upregulated cytokines in iris cryosections. We observed an upward trend in the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ and a downward trend in IL-6 expression in the iris of POAG and CACG patients. Expression of TGF-β also increased. Immunohistochemistry revealed that IL-2 expression in POAG and CACG patients was localized in the anterior surface of the blood vessel wall in the stroma of the iris, in the cytoplasm of some cells, in the anterior epithelium, and in the posterior pigment epithelium. These findings indicate that immune status differed between the iris tissues of POAG and CACG patients and those of normal individuals. A T-helper cytokine imbalance may modulate the immune microenvironment in glaucomatous eyes and thus influence optic neuropathy.
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