Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25811379›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2015

Enhanced protection against malaria by indoor residual spraying in addition to insecticide treated nets: is it dependent on transmission intensity or net usage?

Philippa A West, Natacha Protopopoff, Alexandra Wright, Zuhura Kivaju, Robinson Tigererwa, Franklin W Mosha, William Kisinza, Mark Rowland, Immo Kleinschmidt

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01697852 (Cluster Randomised Trial to Compare Effectiveness of the Combined Use of Indoor Residual Spraying), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01697852 phase4unknown statusnot on this map

Cluster Randomised Trial to Compare Effectiveness of the Combined Use of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Long-lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) to LLINs Alone for Malaria Prevention in Muleba District, Kagera Region, Tanzania

TypeinterventionalSponsorLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineRan2011 to 2012Enrolled22,300ConditionsMalariaArmsIndoor residual spraying with bendiocarb, LLIN by universal coverage campaign
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. Modern Vector Control.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Philippa A WestDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Natacha ProtopopoffDepartment of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Alexandra WrightDepartment of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Zuhura KivajuNational Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania.
Robinson TigererwaDepartment of Health, District Medical Office, Muleba, Tanzania.
Franklin W MoshaKilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.
William KisinzaNational Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania.
Mark RowlandDepartment of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Immo KleinschmidtMRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBNational Institute for Medical Research · TZChristian Medical College, Vellore · INManagement and Development for Health · TZUniversity of London · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K012126/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInsecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are effective vector control tools that protect against malaria. There is conflicting evidence regarding whether using ITNs and IRS in combination provides additional benefit over using either of these methods alone. This study investigated factors that may modify the effect of the combined use of IRS and ITNs compared to using ITNs alone on malaria infection prevalence.

methodsSecondary analysis was carried out on data from a cluster randomised trial in north-west Tanzania. 50 clusters received ITNs from a universal coverage campaign; of these 25 were randomly allocated to additionally receive two rounds of IRS in 2012. In cross-sectional household surveys children 0.5-14 years old were tested for Plasmodium falciparum infections (PfPR) two, six and ten months after the first IRS round.

resultsIRS protected those sleeping under nets (OR = 0.38, 95%CI 0.26-0.57) and those who did not (OR = 0.43, 95%CI 0.29-0.63). The protective effect of IRS was not modified by community level ITN use (ITN use<50%, OR = 0.39, 95%CI 0.26-0.59; ITN use> = 50%, OR = 0.46, 95%CI 0.28-0.74). The additional protection from IRS was similar in low (<10% PfPR, OR = 0.38, 95%CI 0.19-0.75) and high transmission areas (≥10% PfPR, OR = 0.34, 95%CI 0.18-0.67). ITN use was protective at the individual-level regardless of whether the village had been sprayed (OR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.70-0.98). Living in a sprayed village was protective regardless of whether the individual slept under an ITN last night (OR = 0.41, 95%CI 0.29-0.58).

interpretationImplementing IRS in addition to ITNs was beneficial for individuals from villages with a wide range of transmission intensities and net utilisation levels. Net users received additional protection from IRS. ITNs were providing some individual protection, even in this area with high levels of pyrethroid insecticide resistance. These results demonstrate that there is a supplementary benefit of IRS even when ITNs are effective.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01697852.

Indexed as

InsecticidesInsecticide-Treated BednetsAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCluster AnalysisCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfantMalaria, FalciparumMaleMosquito ControlOdds RatioPlasmodium falciparumPrevalenceInsecticides

Identifiers

PMID25811379
PMCPMC4374910
OpenAlexW2042878860

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.