ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
RNA transcribed from a distal enhancer is required for activating the chromatin at the promoter of the gonadotropin α-subunit gene.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Enhancer RNA transcription near segmentation gene enhancers can be analyzed in situ using FISH.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Nucleotide resolution 4-thiouridine sequencing by SNU-Seq and sf4sU-Seq reveals the transcriptional responsiveness of an epigenetically primed human genome.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Direct roles of long non-coding RNAs in transcription activation.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Review
- Accessibility at a primed distal Fshb-Kcna4 super-enhancer is facilitated by Foxl2 during gonadotrope differentiation.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms linking cytoplasmic decay of translation-defective mRNA to transcriptional adaptation.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Improving calls of differentially transcribed enhancers and their upstream regulators.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- Improving confidence of differential transcription calls in enhancers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genetically regulated eRNA expression predicts chromatin contact frequency and reveals genetic mechanisms at GWAS loci.Nature communications · 2025Article
- High-throughput transcriptome analysis reveals a developmental increase in Acvr1c which mediates epigenetic repression of the gene encoding the pubertal brake, Makorin ring finger protein 3.NAR molecular medicine · 2025Article
- A Super Enhancer-Derived Enhancer RNA Acts Together with CTCF/Cohesin in Trans to Regulate Erythropoiesis.Genes · 2025Article
- CRISPR Screening of Transcribed Super-Enhancers Identifies Drivers of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression.Cancer research · 2024Article
- SCAR-6 elncRNA locus epigenetically regulates PROZ and modulates coagulation and vascular function.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- Long Noncoding RNAs Expressed in Mouse Pituitary Development and Mature Hormone-Producing Cells.Endocrinology · 2024Article
- An i-motif-regulated enhancer, eRNA and adjacent lncRNA affect Lhb expression through distinct mechanisms in a sex-specific context.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Enhancer switching in cell lineage priming is linked to eRNA, Brg1's AT-hook, and SWI/SNF recruitment.Molecular cell · 2024Article
- Enhancer RNAs: mechanisms in transcriptional regulation and functions in diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- DeepITEH: a deep learning framework for identifying tissue-specific eRNAs from the human genome.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- BAP18 facilitates CTCF-mediated chromatin accessible to regulate enhancer activity in breast cancer.Cell death and differentiation · 2023Article
- Emerging Role of Enhancer RNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cancer.Non-coding RNA · 2022Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the discovery that many transcriptional enhancers are transcribed into long noncoding RNAs termed "enhancer RNAs" (eRNAs), their putative role in enhancer function has been debated. Very recent evidence has indicted that some eRNAs play a role in initiating or activating transcription, possibly by helping recruit and/or stabilize binding of the general transcription machinery to the proximal promoter of their target genes. The distal enhancer of the gonadotropin hormone α-subunit gene, chorionic gonadotropin alpha (Cga), is responsible for Cga cell-specific expression in gonadotropes and thyrotropes, and we show here that it encodes two bidirectional nonpolyadenylated RNAs whose levels are increased somewhat by exposure to gonadotropin-releasing hormone but are not necessarily linked to Cga transcriptional activity. Knockdown of the more distal eRNA led to a drop in Cga mRNA levels, initially without effect on the forward eRNA levels. With time, however, the repression on the Cga increased, and the forward eRNA levels were suppressed also. We demonstrate that the interaction of the enhancer with the promoter is lost after eRNA knockdown. Dramatic changes also were seen in the chromatin, with an increase in total histone H3 occupancy throughout this region and a virtual loss of histone H3 Lys 4 trimethylation at the promoter following the eRNA knockdown. Moreover, histone H3 Lys 27 (H3K27) acetylation, which was found at both enhancer and promoter in wild-type cells, appeared to have been replaced by H3K27 trimethylation at the enhancer. Thus, the Cga eRNA mediates the physical interaction between these genomic regions and determines the chromatin structure of the proximal promoter to allow gene expression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.