ArticleJournal of human hypertension2016
Severity of obesity and management of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and smoking in primary care: population-based cohort study.
Article in Journal of human hypertension, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Real-world evidence: state-of-the-art and future perspectives.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2025Review
- Association of psychiatric history with hypertension among adults who present for metabolic and bariatric surgery.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery · 2025Article
- Bariatric surgery and alcohol and substance use: A case-control survey study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Obesity and cholesterol: A cross-sectional analysis of Qatar Biobank data.Qatar medical journal · 2025Article
- Pre-procedural abnormal von Willebrand factor function predicts clinical outcomes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of an oral biodegradable device used for 12 weeks on weight reduction, cardiovascular risk factors, satiety, snacking, and meal size.Obesity pillars · 2023Article
- No association between genetic markers and hypertension control in multiple cross-sectional studies.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Changes in Antihypertensive Medication Following Bariatric Surgery.Obesity surgery · 2022Review
- Using Bayesian networks to identify musculoskeletal symptoms influencing the risk of developing psoriatic arthritis in people with psoriasis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Time-varying association between body mass index and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Article
- Etiologies and predictors of readmission among obese and morbidly obese patients admitted with heart failure.Heart failure reviews · 2021Review
- Epidemiologic Profile of Hypertension in Northern Iranian Population: The PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS).Annals of global health · 2021Article
- Obesity-related hypertension: a review of pathophysiology, management, and the role of metabolic surgery.Gland surgery · 2020Review
- Cut-off points of anthropometric markers associated with hypertension in the Brazilian population: National Health Survey, 2013.Public health nutrition · 2019Article
- Blood Pressure Control and Other Quality of Care Metrics for Patients with Obesity and Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2018Observational
- Pooling data from different populations: should there be regional differences in cerebral haemodynamics?BMC neurology · 2018Article
- Socioeconomic differences in prevalence, awareness, control and self-management of hypertension among four minority ethnic groups, Na Xi, Li Shu, Dai and Jing Po, in rural southwest China.Journal of human hypertension · 2017Article
- Haplotype-based, case-control study of the receptor (calcitonin) activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1 gene in essential hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2017Article
- Trends in Determinants of Hypercholesterolemia among Chinese Adults between 2002 and 2012: Results from theNational Nutrition Survey.Nutrients · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-associated cardiovascular risk are increasing worldwide. This study aimed to determine how different levels of obesity are associated with the management of smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in primary care. We conducted a cohort study of adults aged 30-100 years in England, sampled from the primary care electronic health records in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Prevalence, treatment and control were estimated for each risk factor by body mass index (BMI) category. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were estimated, allowing for age, gender, comorbidity and socioeconomic status, with normal weight as reference category. Data were analysed for 247,653 patients including 153,308 (62%) with BMI recorded, of whom 46,149 (30%) were obese. Participants were classified into simple (29,257), severe (11,059) and morbid obesity (5833) categories. Smoking declined with the increasing BMI category, but smoking cessation treatment increased. Age-standardised hypertension prevalence was twice as high in morbid obesity (men 78.6%; women 66.0%) compared with normal weight (men 37.3%; women 29.4%). Hypertension treatment was more frequent (AOR 1.75, 1.59-1.92) but hypertension control less frequent (AOR 0.63, 0.59-0.69) in morbid obesity, with similar findings for severe obesity. Hypercholesterolaemia was more frequent in morbid obesity (men 48.2%; women 36.3%) than normal weight (men 25.0%; women 20.0%). Lipid lowering therapy was more frequent in morbid obesity (AOR 1.83, 1.61-2.07) as was cholesterol control (AOR 1.19, 1.06-1.34). Increasing obesity category is associated with elevated risks from hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. Inadequate hypertension control in obesity emerges as an important target for future interventions.
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